Good and Evil in Scarlet Letter Essay

â€Å"Inside each of us, there is the seed of both good and evil. It’s a constant struggle as to which one will win. And one cannot exist without the other† (Burdon). The novel _The Scarlet Letter_ perfectly illustrates this point using complex and intricate characters that mirror reality with both positive and negative aspects of their personas. The story begins in mid-17th century New England with Hester Prynne being publicly humiliated for having a child out of wedlock. She is branded with a scarlet letter â€Å"A† as an adulterer but refuses to disclose who the father is. Soon after, Hester’s former husband shows up under the pseudonym of Roger Chillingworth and makes Hester promise not to tell anyone who he is as he tries to hunt down her lover. As the story progresses, the reader and Chillingworth discover the identity of Hester’s beloved as the minister, Arthur Dimmesdale. As Chillingworth begins to psychologically torment Dimmesdale, He progressively becomes more ugly, evil, and twisted. In his novel, _The Scarlet Letter_, Hawthorne uses the symbolism of the scarlet letter to convey that within each person exists the capacity for both good and evil. First, Hawthorne utilizes the scarlet letter to assert that from all evil, some kind of good is blossoms, whether it is drastic or subtle. Even the most unfavorable of situations, such as carrying the burden of the scarlet letter, yields an advantageous quality of some sort. For example, as the plot of the story begins, the women of the town are slandering Hester Prynne for her misdeeds and discuss ways to punish her and brand her as an  adulterer. While the unforgiving women attempt to scorn her, Hester enters the scene from the prison with her badge of shame. Hester Prynne had sewn her own scarlet letter to advertise her sin. â€Å"It was so artistically done, and with so much fertility and gorgeous luxuriance of fancy, that it had all the effect of a last and fitting decoration to the apparel which she wore, and which was of a splendor in accordance with the taste of the age, but greatly beyond what was allowed by the sumptuary regulations of the colony† (Hawthorne 9). Even in the strictly puritan colony of Boston, Hester chooses to retaliate as an individual rather than reform. Hawthorne uses the apparent mark of shame to express Hester’s distinction as an elegant, strong, and fertile woman that can derive the beauty from even the worst situations. Later in the book, the governor questions Hester on why she should be able to keep Pearl. He calls Hester â€Å"One who hath stumbled and fallen amid the pitfalls of this world† (61) and questions her ability to care for Pearl’s â€Å"temporal and eternal welfare† (61). â€Å"‘I can teach my little Pearl what I have learned from this!’ answered Hester Prynne, Laying her finger on the red token† (61). From the governor’s view, the scarlet letter is a clear symbol of sin. However, in her own reality, Hester has shifted the meaning of the letter to not only a valuable lesson that she can pass on, but also a badge that exhibits her individuality along with her immorality. The scarlet letter undoubtedly displays that there is merit in even the worst evil or disgrace. Secondly, Hawthorne employs the scarlet letter to convey that within all good, there is evil hidden, no matter how pure the element may seem. Even the most exemplary appearing citizens may conceal dark and evil sins. For instance, as Pearl is playing by the sea, her mother watches her make an array of things out of seaweed. Along with the scarves and headdresses, Pearl creates a letter â€Å"A† on her own bosom. As Hester questions her as to what she thinks it means, Pearl begins to inquire Hester in response. â€Å"‘What does the letter mean, mother? And why dost thou wear it? And why does the minister keep his hand over his heart?’ ‘What shall I say?’ thought Hester to herself. â€Å"No! If this be the price of the child’s sympathy, I cannot pay it† (Hawthorne 127). Despite the pleas of her child, Hester still refuses to enlighten Pearl to what the scarlet letter on her bosom signifies. Hawthorne  uses the scarlet letter as an analogy of secrets that are held. Many reprehensible acts are kept hidden to protect people who are too young, naà ¯ve, or innocent to know the truth. Later in the book, Reverend Dimmesdale becomes mortally ill. As he walks up onto the scaffold, He hardly has any strength left. Dimmesdale must be supported by Hester and Pearl just to stand up. With his last bit of vigor, Dimmesdale announces that he is guilty of the same sin for which the people have punished Hester. â€Å"With a convulsive motion, he tore the ministerial band from before his breast. It was revealed! But it were irreverent to describe that revelation† (198). With all of his strength and life, Dimmesdale died revealing his dark secret: That he was a sinner instead of the morally perfect man he had feigned being. However, as a truly good man, Dimmesdale knew that before he passed, he needed to prove that even the most respected among man concealed some sort of evil and that visible sinners should not be shunned. Hester’s and Dimmesdale’s letters both epitomize the evil that hides within all good. Finally, Hawthorne uses the symbol of the scarlet letter to prove that no matter how good a person is, he or she can never eradicate evil within his or her self. Even the most holy and kind people have some sort of black tarnish that cannot be erased. Likewise, As Hester confronts Chillingworth about his persecution of Dimmesdale, Chillingworth begins to sympathize with Hester. In an attempt to comfort Hester, if only for a moment, Chillingworth informs her about the council’s discussion concerning the removal of her scarlet letter. Instead of the gracious response he expected, Chillingworth was met with a much colder and wiser retort: â€Å"‘it lies not in the pleasure of the magistrates to take off the badge,’ calmly replied Hester. ‘Were I worthy to be quit of it, it would fall away of its own nature, or be transformed into something that should speak a different purport'† (Hawthorne 115). Even when the opportunity arises, Hester knows that she does not have the ability to escape her dark deed. Despite Chillingworth making a motion that would inevitably improve her life, Hester is very aware of the fact that no matter what she does, her mark would stay with her forever: physically or at heart. Later in the story, Dimmesdale and Hester are planning to run away to England together. As the renounce their old lives, Hester thrusts her scarlet letter across the river to start their new  epoch together. However, as they call over Pearl to join them, she refuses to come near. Hester realizes that Pearl will not come near because of the fact that her mother is missing something that is part of who she is. â€Å"But, in very truth, she is right as regards to this hateful token. I must bear its torture yet a little longer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (156). although Pearl is not exactly sure what the scarlet letter symbolizes, she knows that it is an important part of Hester that she cannot evade. Hester quickly comprehends Pearls wisdom and admits that she must live with her sin. The scarlet letter clearly demonstrates that good can never fully cast aside evil. In conclusion, the scarlet letter in Hawthorne’s _The Scarlet Letter_ represents the unbreakable link between good and evil within everybody. Whether he is stating that from all evil, good blossoms; within good, people hide evil; or that good can never fully cast aside evil, Hawthorne strongly conveys the point that Evil and Good cannot exist within someone without their counterpart.

Children & Television

Anita Westerly Television (TV) can have its own educational and social benefits for many children; it can also be very entertaining and educational in many ways. When children watch positive role models perform respectful acts to others that alone can inspire children to make encouraging and helpful decisions when encountering others. TV awards children the chance to explore the globe through many diverse shows that expand on different countries and places such as Space and the Deep Ocean.Children can earn about different animals, cultures, and gain exposure to different ideas that may not be available in their own town. However, the reverse also can be true; children may see or hear things on TV that parent's may not want them to learn. TV can also affect a child's health, behavior, and family in negative ways through different kinds of behavioral issues. How children learn and retain information, along with the type of programming they watch, can inspire children and adults alike t o become more involved with educational shows using flashcards and instructive guides.There are many types of learning styles among children, and to fully understand each type can be very useful for parent's who want the best for their child's education. There are three main styles that can describe how most children learn. They include the visual, auditory, and kinesthesia learners. Many children do not learn by using Just one of these categories; they can use all three if this is how they retain information the best. The way a child learns is not decided by children themselves, children will tend to use the style that most naturally comes to them.Many visual learners use pictures, diagrams, and tables to help them fully retain information (Feller & Solomon, 2000). Visual learners tend to have very vivid imaginations and learn by seeing pictures or tables; they may also think of things that they encounter or learn each day in an imagery format (Vincent & Ross, 2001). An auditory le arner may enjoy listening, talking, and carrying on conversations with others on what they are trying to learn or Just remember.With many children, by listening to their Abs's through a song, they can retain how the alphabet goes much easier. In school, auditory learners can benefit most by listening to their teachers first then repeating pictures in their mind, as do the visual learners, but rather filter incoming information through their listening and repeating skills. An auditory learner is usually very talkative and has difficulty with writing (Vincent ; Ross, 2001). Kinesthesia children choose to engage in hands-on activities that use the sense of touch to learn.For kinesthesia learners to fully understand and retain information presented to them, they must touch, feel or be able to apply the information in some ensue Tao physical activity or object. They tend to take many notes and use pictures to help remember what they learned. Kinesthesia learners also have a very difficul t time paying attention and can seem to become uninterested if there is not physical involvement of any kind (Vincent ; Ross, 2001). For example, children tend to learn their shapes faster by physically picking up an object of a certain shape and placing it through the corresponding shapes hole inside a toy box.Visual and kinesthesia learners are similar in that they both use a hands-on approach toward learning by applying what they have learned to an event in their lives or an object that they physically can see or touch. Physical hands-on learning can have its advantages, but it can provide only so much information for children. Reading and being able to fully comprehend what is being read is also a very helpful skill in retaining information. TV shows today offer plenty of educational value with different toys, games, and reading guides for the children to fully comprehend what they are watching.When children spend less time playing outside with their friends and more time in iro n of the TV, it can lead to very unhealthy eating habits. â€Å"Eighty-three percent of children from age six months to less than six years view TV or videos about one- hour and 57 minutes a day. TV viewing is a contributing factor in childhood obesity because it may take away from the time children spend doing physical activities; lead to increased energy intake through snacking and eating meals in front of the TV, and, influence children to make unhealthy food choices through exposure to food advertisements† (Obesity and Overweight for Professionals, n. . ). Children can come very impressed by the plethora of colors that a TV displays, while sitting in front of one, a child can become almost too mesmerism's. Watching two or more hours of television for children younger than two years can have detrimental effects on a child's attention span, impulsiveness, and restlessness (Alias, 2004). When toddlers are beginning their adventure into this amazing world, their brains are de veloping much more rapidly than when they will become adults. This stage is critical to children learning how to walk, associate names with faces, learning words, ND creating social bonds with others.If a child is in front of the Top often these critical developmental skills get overshadowed by TV shows and its effect on a child's attention abilities. TV by itself, without guides or books, can have very positive effects on a child's ability to explore many places, animals, or things that cannot be seen otherwise. TV can inspire children to try new activities that could lead to playing a certain sport, instrument, or trying something that they would not try without seeing someone else perform it first. The Olympic Games would be an excellent example of how TV can inspire children to try new activities they would never try before.The Olympics do not happen very often and most often it is not feasible to attend the Games themselves. Another benefit of current TV shows today can motivat e the children to read the book first or even inspire adults to challenge their child to read the book before they can attend the theater to see the movie. Whether children watch current media at home or at a relatives/friend's house, it can benefit children to have parental involvement so that they understand much more efficiently what they are watching.A channel assigned precisely for young children from infancy to preschool can assist educationally with a double influence: censorial perceptual development and an audio visual enrichment of the cultural environment (Finalized, 2012). This can, in many ways, add to the performance of a children's future education by obtaining higher test scores, making better decisions, and bringing forth greater opportunities in future educational goals such as college. When children regularly watch the same type of educational programming, they can grow a special interest for shows of educational nature further in life, expanding their knowledge b ase.Channels such as Nick Jar. Have special programming all day long for children of a younger age group, whereas, Nickelodeon offers programming tailored toward an older age group. This can make it much easier for children to find the shows that interest them. When children become interested in what they watch, the information obtained will be much easier to retain for future use. There are three different types of parental mediation that aren't can use while their children are watching TV.Restrictive Mediation, Shared Viewing, and Instructive Mediation are excellent methods for parent's to be actively involved with their children's viewing experience. Restrictive mediation is a method that some parent's use to restrict the amount of time, type of programming, and forbidden content from their children's viewing. This method is also helpful for parent's who like to use TV as a reward/punishment system. Shared viewing is purely just a parent-child viewing experience; whereas, Instruc tive Mediation refers to a aren't-child discussion of content (Warren, Egger, & Kelly, 2002).With the different types of learning styles identified in most children today, it can become quite difficult for parent's to be resourcefully involved with their children's viewing experience. When parent's fully understand each type of learning style and how their children use those different styles to efficiently and appropriately learn, they can successfully make the viewing experience for their children much more pleasurable and educational for all. Following children's TV habits is an important detail to keep n mind.

Coca-Cola Case Study

I. CURRENT SITUATION A. Past Corporate Performance IndexesThe Coca-Cola Company Heritage Timeline 1886-1892 – Atlanta Beginningsâ€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN THE UNITED STATES.† Coca-Cola made its debut in Atlanta, at the Jacob’s Pharmacy soda fountain, where it sold for 5 cents in a glass. In the first year, the Company sold about 9 glasses of Coca-Cola a day. The first advertisement for Coca-Cola appears in the â€Å"Atlanta Journal.† Frank Robinson suggests the name Coca-Cola and pens the now-famous Coca-Cola trademark in Spencerian script; the script is still used today. Free drink coupons are distributed to encourage people to try Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola first uses calendars and outside posters for advertising.1893-1904 – Beyond Atlanta â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN THE UNITED STATES.† Coca-Cola hires first Celebrity Spokesperson Hilda Clark, a Music Hall performer. The Coca-Cola trademark is registered in the U.S. Patent Office. In Chicago , Coca-Cola makes its first appearance a World’s Fair. Coca-Cola is first put into bottles in Vicksburg, Mississippi, by Joseph Biedenharn. â€Å"Coca-Cola is sold and consumed in every state and territory of the United States,† proclaims Asa Candler. The Coca-Cola Company branded urns and clocks.Large-scale bottling begins in Chattanooga, Tennessee. The annual advertising budget for Coca-Cola surpasses the $100,000 mark for the first time. The first magazine ads for Coca-Cola appear in national consumer publications.1905-1918 – Safeguarding the Brand â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN 8 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE† To combat copycats, Coca-Cola develops a unique bottle, the Contour Bottle. Cuba, Canada and Panama become the first three countries outside the U.S. to bottle Coca-Cola. Bottles of Coca-Cola are delivered by horse drawn  carriages. The annual ad budget reaches $1 million.Copycat beverages try to capitalize on the success of Coca-Cola. The 6 1/2 – ounce refillable glass contour bottle is introduced to distinguish Coca-Cola from competitors. Though patented in 1915, the contour bottle to the public in 1916. Asa Candler resigns from The Coca-Cola Company and is elected Mayor of Atlanta.1919-1940 – The Woodruff Legacy â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN 53 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE. Coca-Cola introduces the Six-Pack, a convenient packaging revolutionizes soft drink consumption by enabling people to enjoy Coca-Cola anywhere. Coca-Cola is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, at $40/share. The first European bottling plants open in Paris and Bordeaux, France. Robert W. Woodruff is elected president of The Coca-Cola Company, beginning six decades of leadership. The first billboard for Coca-Cola appears.The IX Olympic Games open in Amsterdam and Coca-Cola is there – its first Olympics. The first large neon sign for Coca-Cola is placed in Times Square, New York. The bell-shaped glass is adopted as the standard glass for serving C oca-Cola at soda fountains. The Coca-Cola Santa Claus, created by Haddon Sundblom, first appears in advertising. The first standardized coin-operated vending machines are used.1941-1950 –The War and its Legacy â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN 120 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE† The elf-like Sprite is introduced to promote the use of the word â€Å"Coke† when asking for Coca-Cola. The term â€Å"Coke† is used for the first time in magazine ads to help establish it as a trademark. During World War II, Technical Observers are sent to operate bottling plants overseas; they supervise the shipment and operation of 64 complete bottling plants that will distribute over 5 billion bottles of Coca-Cola to American troops. A new sleek look for the Coca-Cola fountain dispenser – created by fame industrial designer Raymond Loewy – is introduced. Coca-Cola becomes the first-ever product to appear on the cover of TIME Magazine. The annual budget surpasses $30  million. The first king-size and family-size bottles are introduced. The Santa Claus doll is issued for the time on a limited basis. Coca-Cola is a welcome accompaniment to 1950s leisure activities such as bowling, picnics and road trips.1960-1981 – A World of Customers â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN 163 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE.† During the 70’s, Coca –Cola thrilled the world with its exciting and dynamic advertising. The 12-ounce can for Coca-Cola is introduced. Sprite is introduced.TaB, the Company’s first diet soft drink, is introduced.The first lift-top cans are introduced.The Dynamic Ribbon Device – commonly called the Coke â€Å"wave† – is introduced to the public as part of a new 1970s look for Coca-Cola. Georgia Coffee is introduced to Japan.Coca-Cola comes to China – the only packaged cold drink allowed in the country. The U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame is founded by the U.S. Olympic Committee and The Coca-Cola Company. Roberto C. Goizueta becomes chairman and CEO of The Coca-Cola Company.1982-1989 – Diet Coke and New Coke â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN 165 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE.† Diet Coke was introduced – the very first extension of Coca-Cola trademark and had become the top low-calorie drink in the world. The Coca-Cola Foundation is established.Coca-Cola becomes the first soft drink to be consumed in space when astronauts test the â€Å"Coca-Cola Space Can† aboard Space Shuttle Challenger. The Company introduces a new taste for Coca-Cola (â€Å"new Coke†) and brings back Coca-Cola classic after protests by loyal customers. Coca-Cola becomes the first trademark displayed in Pushkin Square, Moscow.1990-1999 – New Markets and Brands â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN NEARLY 200 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE.† Coca-Cola is  introduced in East Germany.World of Coca-Cola, an attraction dedicated to the Company’s history, opens in Atlanta. Coca-Cola introduces the first bo ttles made partially with recycled plastic, an innovation for the industry. The Coca-Cola Polar Bear first stars in advertising.The 20-ounce plastic contour bottle is introduced; the bottle helps distinguished Coca-Cola form other brands. Barq’s root bear and cream soda brands join the Coca-Cola Company’s family of brands. The Coca-Cola Company sponsors the Summer Olympic Games in its hometown, Atlanta. The Coca-Cola extends its Project Hope initiative in China by awarding four-year grants for collegiate study to nearly 700 students. Coca-Cola extends its FIFA partnership with a long-term committed to the Federation Internationale de Football Association.The Company’s long association with sports was strengthened during this decade with Rugby World Cup and National Basketball Association and also became the Official Soft Drink of NASCAR racing. Dasani, a bottled water product; Powerade, sports drink; and Qoo, a children’s drink, joins the Company’s line-up of brands. The Company further expanded through acquisitions, including Limca, Maaza, and Thumbs Up in India; Inca Kola in Peru and Cadbury Schweppes’ beverage in more than 120 countries.2000-Present – Coca-Cola Now â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN MORE THAN 200 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE† Coca-Cola global marketing platform makes its debut.The â€Å"Fride Pack† – a thinner, longer 12-pack designed to take up less space on refrigerator shelves – is launched in the U.S. The Winter Olympic Games are hed in Salt Lake City, Utah, marketing the 74th consecutive year The Coca-Cola Company has been an Olympic Sponsor. Coca-Cola is one of two primary sponsors of â€Å"American Idol† in the U.S., the music contest program that became a pop culture phenomenon. E. Neville Isdell is elected chairman of the board and CEO of the Company. The Company extends its sponsorship of the Olympic Games through 2020. Coca-Cola Zero, a zero-calorie cola with r eal Coca-Cola taste, is introduced.B.Strategic PostureCurrent Mission Our Roadmap starts with our mission, which is enduring. It declares our purpose as a company and serves as the standard against which we weigh our actions and decisions. To refresh the world To inspire the moments of optimism and happiness To create value and make a difference Current ObjectivesOur Main Objective is to be globally known as a business that conducts business responsibility and ethically and to accelerate sustainable growth to operate in tomorrow’s world. By having these objectives, we form the foundation for companies in the decision making process Current StrategiesOur company aims to be globally known, we do this by targeting different areas across the globe with different products, gaining our brand and popularity. All our bottling partners work closely with our customers such as convenience stores, grocery stores, movie theaters and street vendors to create and use localized strategies de veloped in partnership with the Company. Our competition with other beverage companies are also narrowed down as they own various brands that could be possible competition. Our Company often reviews and evaluates business plans and performance to improve their earning and analyze their competitive position in the market.Current Policies We firmly commit to conduct all our business activities in a socially responsible manner, ensuring: The health and safety of our employees The protection of our consumers and other external stakeholders The protection of the environment. Some of our policies that we uphold are: Environmental Policy Equality of Opportunity Policy Quality and food safety policy Health and wellness Policy Climate Change Policy And the likes.

SEX CRIMES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SEX CRIMES - Essay Example Introduction Sex crimes include incest, rape, bigamy, child pornography, child molestation, indecent exposure, sodomy and prostitution. Nowadays, sexual motives play a pivotal role in stranger murders, intimate murders, serial murders, child murders, sexual abuse murders and prostitute murders. There exist a close link between homicide and sex. Sexual homicide can be defined as homicide where there exists a sexual motive, relationship or perversion, which includes molestation, rape, intimacy, prostitution, sexual jealousy and battering. Sexual homicide means the killing of an individual in the background of sexuality, brutality and power. Sex played a dominant role in various varieties of homicides involving kids, sexual workers and serial killers. (â€Å"Flowers, 2006, p.9†). Sex offenders comprise of an assorted group of individuals. The term sex offender is associated with the individuals who have carried out felonies like rape, engaged in child pornography, sexual murders and indecent exposures. Sexual offenders can be either juveniles or adults, male or female and of any age. Majority of sexual offenders aware of their victims and are associated to them, have some relationship with them or might have some authority over the minor or acquainted with them. Further, sexual offenses differ across cultures, religions, countries and states. In sexual offenses, there is a lack of consent on the part of victim and some level of intention on the part of an offender. Since 1980, many laws have been enacted in USA to enhance the supervision and administration of sexual offenders. For instance, such policy requires registration of sexual offenders, notification to community, restriction on residence, monitoring by GPS and compulsory chemical castration for those sex offenders under parole. (â€Å"Terry, 2010, p.3†). Statistical Date of Sexual Crime in USA In USA, as per the US Department of Justice, in every 2.7 minutes, one person is raped. In their lif e’s time, every one out of six American women has been the target of an attempted or suffered rape. In their life’s time, one in every thirty-three American men have witnessed an attempted or experienced a rape. In 73% of the sexual / rape attempts, the offender was well known to the victim who may be either an acquaintance or a friend or an intimate. About 191,670 rapes / sexual assaults were experienced by the victims with an average age of 12 or older in 2005 alone. Further, kids under the age of twelve comprise of 15% of the sexual /rape victims. Further, those under the age of 18 comprise about 44% of rape or sexual assaults. About 62% of the all sexual assaults or rapes were not made a complaint to the law enforcement in the year 2005. Of all the age group, people in the age group of 16 to 19 had a higher scale of sexual victimization. About 66% of prostitutes were reported to be sexually assaulted when they were as a kid. About 12% of the rape cases were recogni sed as alleged drug-facilitated cases in an emergency ward of a hospital. About 64,080 American women were reported to be raped in the year 2004-2005 alone. The occurrence of pregnancy for every-time unprotected sexual intercourse is estimated at five percent as per the medical reports. By applying the same to the 2004-05 rape victims, one can come to a conclusion that there would be 3,204 pregnancies due to sexual assault in that period as per RAINN report. Further, those kids

Applications of EHR on Inpatient Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Applications of EHR on Inpatient Nursing - Essay Example This paper seeks to discuss application of electronic health record system in inpatient nursing. The paper will explore application of the technology in inpatient nursing’s assessment, medication, and documentation. It will also explore successful implementation of the electronic health record system and its importance in the scope of inpatient nursing. Application of electronic health record in documentation The core function of electronic health record is the development of a reliable information system for efficiency. This has led to transition, alongside technological developments, from a manual record keeping system to the electronic system through computer technology. The information system has further enhanced the health record system through networking involved instruments, departments, and personnel in the electronics record systems. Documentation is, as a result, one of the applications of electronic health record system through a variety of system applications that includes provision of information in facilities such as inpatient nursing facilities. The scope of documentation, based on its definition, includes recording of information and availing the recorded information for necessary use. The â€Å"nursing information system,† an incorporated system in inpatient nursing institutions is for example used in documenting information for administrative purposes (Carter, 2008, p. 4). The system manages all information relating to inpatients such as patient’s admission that provides relevant details of a patient to the hospitals system (Carter, 2008). Guite et al further explains that electronic health record is used to capture and communicate a patient’s details for determination of patients’ needs and evaluation of the patients’ utility while in the nursing facilities. Coordination also facilitates knowledge of patients’ needs among personnel on duty (n.d.). Documentation in electronic health record is al so used to facilitate management of information for timely discharge of patients and even transfer of patients to other facilities for specialized attention. Like in admission, documentation, through a centralized operated system facilitates inter departmental communication to relay the need for either discharge or transfer. Similarly, documentation as an element of electronic health record facilitates accounting aspects of health care institutions, a role that is achieved through recording and organization of financial transactions and communication of the information to managers for administration (Carter, 2008). Inpatient nursing facilities also use electronic health record’s documentation to facilitate direct personal communication among nurses through online chats for instant communication. The application of electronic health record in documentation is therefore based on its ability to develop a bank of necessary and relevant information to inpatient care and to communi cate such information to relevant departments and personnel for efficient operations and management. Standardized terms and systems for uniformity in documentation facilitate the efficiency by eliminating language based communication barrier (Carter, 2008). Application of electronic health record in nursing’s documentation is however subject to legal considerations that aim at preventing malpractices such as fraud. Such rules apply to both EHR technology developers and users in inpatient nurs

HMLS 310 Week 6 conference Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HMLS 310 Week 6 conference - Coursework Example It is evidential that the development of new technologies that have emerged during the mid-1990s has led to the establishment of internet based application referred to as the social media. This include blogs, discussions forums, you tube channels, Facebook and twitter. Most importantly, social media has played an increasing role in emergencies and disasters. This report summarizes how social media has been used by emergency management officials and agencies. It also evaluates the potential benefits and consequences of using social media in the context of emergency and disasters. Generally in the anthrax attacks, social media would have been used as a medium for conducting emergency communications and issue warnings, receive victim’s requests for assistance, monitoring user’s activities and postings to determine situational awareness and using downloaded images to create damage estimates among others(1). For instance in the attacks, social media would have been used to pass notifications by the use of Community Emergency Response Team (CERT), emergency warnings and alerts to citizens. Besides, social media would have been used to alert emergency officials on the anthrax attacks by monitoring the flow of information from different sources to help in the reduction of the number of casualties. Risk communication refers to the interactive process of exchanging information and opinion among individuals, groups, and institutions involving multiple messages about the nature of risk. It is a science based programme for communicating accurately and effectively in cases of extreme stress and concerns. Moreover, risk communication skills are imperative for the successful management of crises. One way to achieve effective risk communication especially in the case of anthrax attack is through message mapping. This refers to the tool of risk communicator that

UK Property Price Volatility Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

UK Property Price Volatility - Term Paper Example In the Interim Report no. 91 of the Miles review, The bank borrowers consider the bank mortgage interest rates, mostly short-term interest rates,   when applying for bank loans. This is the reason why short-term interest rates have higher volatility rates than long-term loans.  Ã‚   Starting thirty years ago, the United Kingdom housing market has been very volatile. The factors affecting the volatility of the house prices are the level of bank loans and the related loan interests and the sudden increasing trend of housing transactions. There is now a move to transit the variable rate mortgage basis in housing loans tot eh fixed rate mortgage basis.   The volatility of the housing market can be decreased if longer term, fixed rate mortgages will be implemented to replace the more delicately sensitive current variable charge housing mortgage rates. The short-term or variable mortgage interest rate basis, according to the findings of Meen(2002) has resulted to short-term sensitivity analysis of house prices of six times the elasticity of United Kingdom market as compared to the housing price industry of the United States.   The structure of the housing finance industry has contributed to the macroeconomic volatility. Based on Chart   6.1, The house prices are affected by the Gross Domestic Product and the Consumption in the United Kingdom. This only proves that when consumption increases and the gross domestic products increase, the house prices will follow behind as the house prices also increase and decrease to keep in step with the two variables mentioned. The three variables (GDP, consumption and house prices) in turn act as a major push on the United Kingdom economy. The Oxford Economic Forecasting and the National Institute of Economic and Social Research did a study on housing prices.   Chart 6.2 shows that as the growth rate increases, house prices also increase to keep in step thereby contributing to the macroeconomic volatility.

Project Management Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project Management Master - Assignment Example That is why Project Management is told to be the best method of implementing change. The defining and planning stage - means to plan the project in more detail by writing and publishing a full definition of the project and determining a project plan. The production of a Project Plan, or Schedule, is a key part of the development of any project. The schedule Formal methods of project management offer a framework to manage this process and provides a series of procedures to manage the project through its life cycle. According to the Lasa Computanews Guide to Project Management, the key elements are: Many project management systems are proprietary. Project management consultants sell them as a package of services that will include training sessions and consultancy alongside documentation that will include templates and guidance notes. These packages don't come cheap - they cost hundreds or thousands of pounds. But this approach may be a cost effective solution for larger organizations that want to set up a structure to manage a number of projects. Practically, they are paying to set up a framework that includes: training for staff, consultancy and support to manage projects within the organization. However, in RCIAS Good Practice Bulletin No3 there are noted some of the common issues identified within the Research Councils or the wider public and private sectors: Procurement Strategy, Guidelines, Supply of management information, Training, Contract Signing Powers, Use of consultants. The Procurement Strategy issue is determined by the fact that few councils have a formal and authorized procurement strategy.

IUD Birth Control Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IUD Birth Control - Case Study Example An IUD is positioned in the uterus by a healthcare specialist to prevent unwanted pregnancies and/or for family planning purposes. There are two types of IUD contraceptives; Mirena and Paragard (Grimes, 2007). Mirena is the type of IUD that contains hormones. Its functionality depends on levonorgestrel, a hormone released from the IUD once inserted into the uterus. In other words, Mirena is a hormonal IUD which prevents pregnancies for the period it remains inserted into the uterus. The effectiveness of this IUD contraceptive can last for up to a period of five years, although this effectiveness is not a hundred percent guaranteed. However, Mirena is slightly more effective compared to copper IUD. Paragard is another IUD contraceptive, and it is most commonly used compared to the hormonal IUD. In this IUD, the T-shaped plastic device is wrapped with a copper wire, preventing pregnancies by killing sperm through the toxicity of the copper wire wound around the plastic device’s stem (Grimes, 2007). This type of IUD can remain inserted into the uterus for up to a period of ten years, the period throughout which it remains effective. Just like the hormonal IUD, Paragard’s effectiveness is not a hundred percent guaranteed, since cases of pregnancies have been reported even with this IUD still fitted into the uterus. Both the above identified IUD contraceptives (Mirena and Paragard) prevent pregnancies from occurring. They do so by hindering the egg fertilization by the sperm. The mode of functionality is ether damaging the sperm to a point that it cannot fertilize the egg, or killing it altogether, meaning that the fertilization cannot, therefore, take place. Mirena damages or kills the sperm using a form of hormone progestin known as levonorgestrel (Fritz & Speroff, 2011). Mirena also thickens the mucus found in the cervix, making it sticky and unfavorable for sperm to get to the uterus. Over and above damaging or killing the sperm, Mirena makes

Religious Beliefs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religious Beliefs - Essay Example This essay will explore the important lessons drawn from the teachings of these different religions as narrated through writings. Overview Several lessons can be drawn from the practices and religious beliefs of different religions in the world. Some of these religions include Shamanism, Pagan or Upanishads have unique lessons that can be drawn from these religions. One of the common lessons that can be drawn from the different religions is the use of myths to explain or pass on different beliefs. For instance, the Greek and Mesopotamian cultures explain the origin of human life through use of different myths. We witness the myth of the Epic of Gilgamesh, whereby the creation of human life is better explained through the use of the myth. The use of myths is common in several religions since it is used to explain the inexplicable. The Mesopotamian culture has a belief that the creation of human beings was done to free the lesser gods from their oppressive labors. Among the Greek cultu re, we witness the Homeric Hymns which were used in explaining different occurrences between different people. For instance, circumstances such as sibling rivalry is best explained by in the Homeric Hymns through the story of Apollo and Hermes who were brothers competing against each other. The creation and control of the earth is a great learning point that could be used in drawing lessons about mysteries of life. The Kena Upanishad among the Hindus is used in explaining the order of the world. Moreover, it brings out the story on creation among the Hindu society (Parmananda 89). Taoism is another religion that makes use of myths to explain the creation of the world. Tao Te Ching makes use of symbolism in the different myths to reflect the power of the Tao, he elucidates that the origin of all things and how unimaginable is the Tao. This is used in explaining that the origin of all things in the world emanates from a Supreme Being like the Tao. Consequently, in the Upanishads, the origin and the creation of the earth is explained trough use of different myths. Death is explained to Nachiketa by the Seer and this knowledge gets the reader to know more concerning the religion trough the use of myths. The existence of a Supreme Being and the connection between this Supreme Being and human beings is another lesson we learn. From the different religions, we get to know that human beings have always interacted with gods in different circumstances. For instance, the Homeric Hymns elucidates on the relationship that existed between gods such as Zeus and Human beings. Moreover, gods like Demeter lived among human beings and visited many people during her stay on earth. In Taoism, we notice that the relation of God (Tao) and human beings is emphasized through the work of the Tao. When we lean on Tao and its teachings, we get to know that God and people work together to achieve different purposes in life. Taoism teaches obedience since all understanding and power comes from Tao (Tzu 74). The relation between God and human beings is better emphasized in the Kena Upanishad whereby we get to know that we cannot understand ourselves if we do not understand God. The knowledge of the Brahman is important in fostering good relation between God and people. Among the Mesopotamian culture, religion was used in fostering good

Mom says Patriot Act stripped son of due process, dated April 29, 2009 Research Paper

Mom says Patriot Act stripped son of due process, dated April 29, 2009 - Research Paper Example Admittedly, there are various powers given to the Federal agents under the Patriot Act. Firstly, they have the right to conduct surveillance and searches even without any probable cause to suspect criminal activity. Moreover, it is allowed to conduct searches without giving prior notice. Another serious issue is that after conducting electronic search or wiretapping, it is possible for the federal agents to secretly arrest a person and divulge no information to the family. Moreover, as McNeill (2011) points out, the Act allows federal agents to keep the matter away from media and attorney for as long as charges are not brought. That means a person who is suspected of terrorist activity may lose all the rights as a citizen. Evidently, the case is interpreted to be Patriot Act case because of the nature of the case. First of all, it was a bomb threat and the medium was internet calls. It is the Patriot Act that gave federal agents the right to search electronic communication, and arres t and retain people without disclosing the matter. In the case of Ashton Lundeby, the federal agents allegedly gave no information to the family or media. Moreover, there was no legal representation allowed. Thus, the case is interpreted as a Patriot Act case. ... For example, if the situation involves a bomb threat by a student against a school, the case is supposed to be deferred to the State or local authorities. Furthermore, it is pointed out that investigations as provided under Section 844(e) do not need to be initiated if a pattern or plan for the offense does not exist. Thus, it becomes evident that the case does not need to be treated under Patriot Act. Evidently, any law like the Patriot Act will have a very negative impact on the quality of civil rights in a nation like America. This is so because the Patriot Act has provided the federal agents the right to look into the private lives of people and listen to everything they communicate. Moreover, it is seen that instead of addressing real terrorism, this new step has touched every sphere of life and protest, and affected areas like freedom of association, freedom of information, freedom of speech, right to legal representation, freedom from unreasonable searches, right to a public t rial, and right to liberty. However, the problem with the new step, according to SNR Denton report (n.d.), is that the government has not so far proved that these initiatives are useful in preventing terrorism. Admittedly, it is not possible to counter terrorism without introducing stringent laws. Secondly, though the search by federal agencies intrude privacy, it is better to have ones privacy taken away by the government than by terrorists. Moreover, as Brawley and Perekrestov (n.d.) argue, only those who communicate something illegal need to fear the close monitoring by federal agencies. For others, it offers added sense of security and belonging. However, the present problem with the

How Media Influences Antisocial Behavior Essay Example for Free

How Media Influences Antisocial Behavior Essay In this new generation research Indicates that many young people today spend a lot of time In front of the TV or on computer games and thus leading to the Implication that media Influences antl-soclal behaviour. Psychologists have researched Into explanations on medias influence on antisocial behaviour, one of these explanations being the social learning theory (SLT). This advocates that we model our behaviour on behaviour that we observe; whether its antisocial or pro-social behaviour. Children can be expected to imitate behaviour illustrated through the media that is successful in gaining the models objectives. Further supporting this explanation, evidence from natural experiments are used as authentication to the link that media Influences not lust antisocial behaviour but violent behaviour as well. One Psychologist, Phillips (1983) reinforced this theory by analysing crime statistics for the 10-day period following the publication of heavyweight boxing contests shown throughout the nation. The research exhibited a significant rise in the number of murders during that said period, thus highlighting how media influences antisocial behaviour. Through further interpretation on the social learning theory this explanation could e questioned, Despite all the psychologists experiments on the theory there Is no real evidence to support it. For instance, in 1993 two boys murdered James Bulger and were said to be inspired by the video Childs Play, however later it was conducted by Cumberbatch (2001) that no known link was ever found. It should also be taken into consideration that if two young influential boys were able to play such a violent and Impressionable game what type of parental figures they had on a dally basis and attachments they had with their primary care giver. It can be advocated hat the children had other outside affects that caused they to commit such a crime and that media was not the only reason and thus concluding that the media isnt the only cause for antisocial behaviour. Furthermore, another explanation for medias influence of antisocial behaviour is Justification. This vindication implies that violent behaviours may provide a Justification for a childs own violent behaviour, or perhaps even go as far as providing moral guidelines regarding what Is acceptable and unacceptable. It Is suggested that children who act more aggressively watch violent elevision programmes In order to relieve their guilt and Justify their own aggression and thus advocating that the media allows them to channel that emotions and making their actions acceptable in their own mind. On further evaluation it should be prominent that programmes have mixed prc-social and antisocial messages. For example, the 198ffs television series The A Team portrayed the typical heroic figures as behaving violently and so signifying that the negative effects of such programmes support the concept of Justification as Illustrated by Liss and Reinhardt (1979). Concluding that the use of aggression by pro-social characters provides an impression of moral justiflcation to their antisocial and violent behaviour, with which children already identify. Moreover, an alternative insinuation of explaining medias influence on antisocial behaviour is Cognitive Priming. This refers to the activation of already existing aggressive thoughts and feelings. It highlights why children observe one variety of aggression on television and commit another type of aggression after. imprinting the shown behaviour and recall the memories in a later stimulation in the resent. The magnitude of cognitive priming was established by Josephson (1987). The psychologist looked into this by using hockey players as participants who were deliberately frustrated and then shown a violent or non-violent film where an actor held a walkie-talkie. This resulted in throughout the hockey game the player who had seen the violent clip behaved more aggressive in comparison to those whom where shown the non-violent clip. Josephson advocated that the walkie-talkie held by the referee acted as a trigger for aggression within the hockey player. And so through his it is demonstrated how media can influence behaviours by acting as a catalyst to existing aggressive thoughts. Additionally, another explanation for medias influence on antisocial behaviour is desensitation. This contention underlines that under normal conditions, anxiety about violence inhibits its use. It suggested how media violence may stimulate aggressive behaviour by desensitising children to the effects of violence. This therefore results in the child being more accepting for aggressive and antisocial behaviours. However this is contradicted by Comberbatch (2001) who rgues that people might get used to screen violence but that this does not necessarily mean a person will also get accustomed to violent or antisocial behaviours in their everyday life in the real world. It is claimed that screen violence is more likely to make children frightened then frightening thus contradicting the indication that the media desensitises the public to violent and antisocial behaviour. Overall, these explanations conduct valid explanations into how media influences antisocial behaviour. We are able to determine that media does in fact affect the way in which a person behaviour but to what extent is questionable.

Analysing Health Status Of Gypsy Travellers

Analysing Health Status Of Gypsy Travellers Traveller gypsies have resided in the British Isles for over 500 years, making them one of the largest ethnic minorities. They experience widespread prejudice and discrimination from the settled population. Health care for traveller gypsies has resulted in poor access to services and relative neglect of their health needs. This essay will focus on inequalities in health experienced by gypsy and traveller communities also discuss why they occur and will critically discuss the various national and local initiatives that have helped to improve the health of gypsies and travellers. The travelling lifestyle itself is not necessarily a cause for the disparity in health status; on the contrary, many Travellers and those working with them see the reduced opportunity to live their traditional lifestyle as a major cause of increased physical and mental ill health. travel experience frequent fear and the reality of constant evictions and alienation of local people. In decades gone by Travellers were often welcomed for the trades and services that they provided to the local community, such as fruit picking, scrap metal dealing, etc. They had their traditional stopping places; most of which have now disappeared, along with some of the opportunities for casual work. Poverty has sometimes been cited as the main cause of poor health in this group. Economic hardship. Lack of education is another factor that can adversely influence health. Low literacy attainment is still a major problem for most adult Travellers, mainly because so few attended school on a regular basis, if at all. The 1996 Ofsted report stated that of an estimated 50à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °000 Traveller children aged 0-16 years as many as 10à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °000 secondary school aged children were not registered at all, and attendance by the remainder was considerably below the acceptable standard for settled children.16There are many reasons, apart from the obvious one of mobility, for the reluctance of Travellers to send their children to school, especially after they have passed primary school age. Some of the reasons are cultural, such as the tradition that from the age of about 12 the children need a family education to understand and take on roles and responsibilities within the family. Formal education still has little relevance to a culture that has always relied on practical skills and self employment. Often there is a fear about assimilation; that the children will not only be educated out of their culture but also that they may pick up different and unacceptable moral values. Parents are also often anxious about bullying and prejudice. Attendance is also affected by the need to participate in all the many cultural and religious events. No community is immune from child abuse and it must be acknowledged that abuse could more easily go undetected in the Traveller community. Traveller culture deems that they sort out problems without help or perceived interference from outside. There is historical distrust of social workers because many Gypsies and Travellers throughout Europe have lost children into care, usually because of lack of support for their lifestyle, rather than as a result of evidence of child abuse. However, Travellers view child abuse as totally abhorrent and most would claim that it does not exist within their culture. Most professionals working with Travellers would agree with Cemlyn17 that there appears to be less evidence of child abuse in the very child centred Traveller community than in the non-Traveller community. Travellers do tend to be strict disciplinarians but there is also a high level of physical affection within families. Enlightened social services departments, such as Bromley, recognise the Traveller lifestyle and state that they take Traveller culture into consideration in their assessments and are careful to offer support. It is recognised that there is a strong cultural expectation that Travellers stay at home and learn their roles full time from early teens and girls in particular carry out domestic tasks and help rear their younger siblings from an early age.18 Griffiths illustrates this with a quote from a mother about the best way to keep her baby amused: just love it, kiss it, talk to it and cuddle it.19 However, Griffiths and Arnold also point to children who do appear to suffer from emotional neglect, either because there have been too many siblings too quickly, or because mothers suffering from their own problems, such as domestic violence, deprivation and depression, are too absorbed in their problems to meet the emotional needs of their children.19 There are other factors that affect the health status of Travellers. A national population based study of health of Irish Travellers showed a greater prevalence of congenital anomalies in Travellers compared with Irish Eastern Health Board region births (5.5%v 2.9%) and a significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic conditions with autosomal recessive inheritance (12.4/1000 v 1.3/1000). The incidence of first cousin marriages in the Traveller population was 19% compared with 0.16% in a settled population.14 Families at risk require culturally sensitive genetic counselling to enable them to make informed decisions. The Traveller community perceives substantial economic and social advantages in these consanguineous unions (A Bittles, 1996, personal communication).15 Access to health care Poor access to health care is the almost universal experience of Travellers; inequality in the availability and use of health services in relation to need is in itself socially unjust and requires alleviation.20 The alienation and discrimination experienced by Travellers is one of the most important factors influencing their health: the central problem for the Traveller population in this country is the hostility of the settled population.13 This hostility is expressed by all levels of society and is seemingly reinforced by successive government policies. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 recently removed rights and introduced new penalties for travelling, thus effectively criminalising their nomadic way of life.22 The experience of trying to obtain health care can be extremely humiliating and rejecting. It increases stress and can cause a potentially serious delay in receiving appropriate treatment. Travellers often lack information about services, partly because of literacy problems. Many general practitioners will not have Travellers on their lists. A survey in East London showed that 10% of practices would not accept them at all.23 Blatant prejudice about Travellers is evidently politically acceptable, although a similar policy about black patients would be treated as racial discrimination. Missed appointments are a frequent source of irritation to health care providers, but appointments might not be received when the family has no postal address or has been forced to move to another area. The situation has worsened since the introduction of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994. Travellers are now moved on much more quickly (often just by threat of enforcement), which adds to their problems in keeping medical appointments. Professionals are often reluctant to offer further appointments even when the family want to attend. Travellers fear being detected too quickly by authorities because of the risk of eviction, so the first contact with health workers may be when a child has to be taken to the local hospital. In some areas, where there are major difficulties, a salaried general practitioner approach is now being piloted for Travellers and homeless people. The obvious advantages are that the general practitioner is freed from financial concerns in meeting targets and can build up a trusting relationship with the Traveller community. Usually, the salaried general practitioner will have chosen to work with this group, as will the rest of the primary care team, and therefore be culturally sensitive and more readily understand their circumstances and concerns. Continuity of care will be more likely because of the trust engendered. It is also more likely that preventative services will be accepted because the surgery will be less likely to be seen as a crisis only venue. Although it can be reasonably argued that a Traveller specific service further reinforces the social exclusion of Travellers, until primary care services in general can more readily adapt to Travellers on their lists there will be a continued benefit in provision of salaried general practitioner services. Other obstacles to provision of health care include different cultural attitudes to precise dates (including dates of birth) and time, and different perceptions of illness and treatment. In a study of Travellers perceptions and experiences of health, the concept of time figured frequently and was seen as an important issue.24 Lack of access to medical records affects continuity of care, and the National Association of Health Workers with Travellers (NAHWT) is currently seeking government backing to launch and promote the use of a national client held record for Travellers. As with other minorities, the first essential is knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of their culture. This helps staff to overcome the various obstacles to health care and to deal with their own exasperation about the perceived lack of conformity in the Traveller community.

Global Marketing Strategies of LOreal in India

Global Marketing Strategies of LOreal in India The company started doing business in India in the year 1991 through a distributor. Following the lead of Hindustan Unilever, it launched its first product, a shampoo called the Garnier Ultra Doux. Lately, it was established as LOreal India under the LOreal group. Today it ranks second in the global cosmetics group in India. LOreals approach stands out to be predominantly aggressive compared with its competitors. The most recent step of the LOreal group is the new high-tech industrial unit in Pune. It manufactures many types of hair care, hair color and skin care products to meet up the growing demand. It is one of the first plants to implement LOreals newest GHP (Good Hygiene Practices). The executives of LOreal thought that the combination of small cost and natural ingredients would be a good match for the Indian market. LOreal operates three divisions in India- The Consumer Products Division The Professional Products Division The Active Cosmetics Division There is bank in North Bombay, a future hairdressers are shaping the traces of volunteer models which are forcing trainees to loose on their hairs. It is not surprising that 85 percent of women in India have long and straight hairs and most of the womens in India prefers home remedies which are recommended by their mothers and the natural tone is dark. Most of the girls use vegetable oil as their hair oil instead of fancy conditioners. It creates a challenging environment for any kind of company entering in such competition and trying to sell the beauty products to such a huge crowd of around 1.1 billion which are not an alien but also profligacy. Since the company LOreal has launched its first academy in Bombay in the year 2006 where only total of 73 hairdressers were graduated from all over the country. It is around six month course which makes the person capable of working as a junior in the international standard salons which is growing day by day in Indias big cities or metropolitan cities. LOreal distribution networks have also played an important role in the country over the past decade where more than 30000 hair dressers use the product of the same company and also helped in establishing 300 salons in the past few years all over the country. CHINA: LOreal uses various global marketing strategies on a worldwide scale and also taking the full advantage of the operational differences which are global and also the opportunities with the aim of getting their global objectives. According to some of the specialists of the cosmetic brands in china which are very successful, the modern woman of china does not use much makeup until the time of early 1990. The people of china used the products to show their culture and not for the purpose of beauty. For example the women used the color on the nails for showing their social class and not for the fashion or the beauty purpose. But after the early 1990 the use of makeup increased in china and because of this various cosmetic companies came into the market of china. LOreal has a history associated with china back to 1907 when one of the chemist named as the Eugene Schueller launched a hair color formula and after two years he also registered his company which was named as Societe Francaise de Teintures Inoffensive pour Cheveux which in future known as the LOreal. At present LOreal is one of the biggest companies of cosmetic and beauty with the total revenues of around 14 billion euro and approximately 52000 employees are employed in this company. This company has many global marketing strategies and one of which is growing the company which is sustainable strategy for LOreal. This strategy includes the management of brand carefully and also the careful acquisitions by the company. In the present scenario each and every company in the market faces a huge competition and in the case of LOreal they faced the competition very carefully and with full planning in Chinese market. For example this company sells their good quality product at the price cheaper than the companies like Olay and ponds which are launched in the market by the big giants and the specialist of the field known as the Procter and Gamble. This company has turned into a force which is global by clearing the different countrys cultural cachet into its vitals, by fully focusing on biggest 10 global brands concentrated on the color of hair, hair care, cosmetics color and also the fragrances. One of their best strategies is the acquisition of the local companies and also the brands which are established in the market of china. Because of this strategy of becoming a local brand, this company caused the acquisition of the brand named as Mininurse from Raystar in the year 2003 and one more in the year 2004 named as Yue-Sai. One of the best things of this company is that they learn from their mistakes and try to cover it very quickly. For example they learned from their negative experience with the Biotherm brand initially in US and this company has only few amounts of stores in Shanghai, Beijing. In china, LOreal markets around 14 brands only in china which includes Lancome, Biotherm, Shu Uemura, Vichy etc. This company has a brand strategy of the diversification of the brands which fits in the culture of china. Unlike other companies this company embody their country of origin and not to seek homogenize of their brands for making palatable in entire cultures. According to one of the example LOreal in the year 1996 acquired a company of cosmetics of US and started their work for the makeover of the company which included the removal of the headquarters from Memphis to the city of New York for the promotion of its US origin. LOreal also takes a huge amount of risks during their work. For example this company acquired the well established and the successful brands of cosmetics in china. LOreal is not only targeted towards its market group but it also stands out culturally and this company also faces the risk of cannibalizing by marketing the local brands. LOreal realizes that t heir entire customers are individuals and not the entire market and because of this only it has managed to stand its brand very strong. LOreal has a great future in china as the demands of cosmetic products are increasing at a very rapid rate in china and LOreal with all its global marketing strategies which are discussed above will gain lot of profit in upcoming years. Definition of Global Marketing Strategy- There are various developments which can be seen in the international trade and increment in the importance of the e-commerce which are influenced by various factors which are making the implication of global marketing strategies in the businesses. The strategies which are adopted helps the firms making increment in the profit potential and share in the market. (Codija, 2010) If we now try to define Global Marketing Strategies then it can be defined as the set of techniques and procedures which is adopted and used for studying the sentiment of the consumer, developing the new products and analysis of economic indicators in which the operation of the firm is operating. There are various kinds of strategies which are basically focused on the distribution and promotion of techniques which is used when the product is sold to multicultural clients. There are some firms and companies which hire international advertising agencies that help in the development of the global marketing strategies. There are not only marketing strategies which is only focused, other than that product development, price policies, promotion and distribution channels also plays an important role in the Global Marketing strategies. Cultural Distinction in LOreal- As we already know about the LOreal which is one of the largest companies all over the world in the sector of all kind of cosmetics. There are many countries which consist of different cultures according to which the company, LOreal has to develop its products in a particular country. The total worth of the company LOreal in the year of 2005 was $18.89 billion which was huge and among the most successful cosmetics company around the world. There are exactly seventeen international brands around the globe and LOreal was ranked 49th by the survey conducted by the Business week among various brands in the month of August 2004. Around a decade ago, there was about 75% of the companys annual sales belongs from Europe and in 2004, 85% of the consolidated sales of the company were from the markets outside the France. The most important factor which affects the micro and macro global strategy is the influence from the cultural societies and the social environment which includes the factors like family structure, social class, consumption pattern, decision making and market segmentation or they will try to make some kind of partnership to make their marketing at the global level by the local company. There is a main concern regarding global strategist which is the level of material culture in each and every region. There is a demand of the limited product lines for the corporations or firms which are planning to invest in the material culture which is less advanced such as semi industrialized nations in which most probably demand is more towards limited product lines. The firms have to cope with the greater amount of time to accept new service, complicated distribution systems and simpler advertisements. There is another cultural influence other than the one discussed in the above parts that is Aesthetics which is a reference to the stylistics taste of the society. This is the important element for making decisions related to the advertisement, product designing and packaging and similarly the universal education level of the society will show us the complication of the promotions, products and packaging but there may be some impact on the strategy related with the distribution and supply channel which is staffed by the locals. There are many other social influences which are listed as consumer attitude with respect to risk taking, family organization, religion, material gain and various other factors which also contributes to the cultural influence of the company like LOreal. The LOreal has also strived to incorporate its total sales strategy into some other culture which can be result into failure. As we can take example of the General Motors which has met with the mishap that has attempted to market the Nova automobile in the Mexico and Spanish translation of Nova refers to the no go. There are many other examples regarding mishaps which have occurred in many companies with the variance of different cultures around the globe. As we talk about India which is also a multi cultural society, the brands like LOreal is adopting the local culture and preferences are also critical and there was a statement given by the LOreal Indias chief operating officer that Increment in the blockbusters have led to the innovation in the product for the country. LOreal was launched in the year 1997 when the company launched its professional products division and targeted on the largely unstructured hairdressing industry and sells its salon brand such as Kerastase, LOreal Professional and Matrix. There were around five regional training centres which were inaugurated to educate the salon owners and stylists and launched academy namely International Hairdressing Academy in Mumbai in 2006 which basically offers instructions related to the basic and advanced styling and there was a provision of regularly introduction of the international stylists to take workshops and seminars. There are various kinds of customers which are located in various location of the country which are targeted in which mainly luxury products are sold in the Indias cosmopolitan cities such as Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore instead of them there is a tough competition which can be seen in the segment of the small customers whether accessories, cosmetics and fragrances. There are many cultures in India which provide us better opportunities which can be seen in the cities like Ahmadabad and Aurangabad that are lacking in luxury products but the development is too fast which is the main target of the companies like LOreal. There was a setup of wholly owned Indian subsidiary operation in the year 1994 with the launching of the product of shampoo that is Garnier Ultra Doux shampoo. This was the period when there is explosion of television viewing and Indian women has taken great interest in the international beauty pageants but there were tangible changes which were visible only in few years ago when women has shown interest in joining the workforce. There were two key turning points which were Disposable income and exposure to globalized culture. (LOreal) The LOreal Company in India is the fastest growing subsidiary in the LOreal group and is around $200 million Company. In this emerging market there is lack of product penetration which provides us generous room for growth. There is launching of new manufacturing plants in India with the production capacity of around 100 million units a year. There is three division of LOreal in India which includes Consumer Products Division, Professional products division and Active cosmetics division. LOreal mainly focus on the young women which are prone towards the beauty in which its continuous efforts has been in the field of encouraging women to pursue their career in the field of Science, LOreal India which has been announced from seven consecutive years. There are various operations pursued in various countries which shows its multicultural attitude, that is, there are around 42 factories around the world, 46 billion units are manufactured and around 95 percent of the factories are ISO 14001- certified. There are various variations among the cultures around the world according to which there are different kind of demand from the company around the globe. There are many programs which are being run by the LOreal which supports many people which are disadvantaged, suffering from illness. There has been adoption of La vie, de Plus Belle by the association of cosmetic professional which has also supported most of the companies in and around the France but mainly it has focused in France only. In the year 2007, LOreal has founded a foundation which has provided funds to the Samusocial of Paris, which is a municipal emergency service that basically provides medical aid to the people who are homeless. There is such good work which is also conducted by the LOreal that has not only maintained its status in the marketing sector else they have developed their reputation in the social works also. (LOreals Global Branding Strategy) Conclusion- As we have seen about the LOreal which is a world class company with its registered office in Paris and has developed reputation in the field of cosmetics. They have mainly focused on the hair color, skin, hair care, make-up, sun protection except that company has also actively participated in the pharmaceutical and dermatological fields. There is an adoption of some techniques by the LOreal in order to enter in the market and competition, which basically injects its brand name with the vitality with the youth. It basically creates storms or we can say brainstorm of ideas. There is continuous 14th year of ruling by this company in the field of cosmetics and there are various chances given to the undergraduates in their last two years to become Brand Manager on one among the signature lines of the LOreal Company. There were two countries which were taken India and China in which the condition and status of the LOreal is discussed. There has been a cultural distinction which has been shown in the above paragraphs around the globe.

HIV/AIDS Is No Longer a Death Sentence Essay -- Disease/Disorders

I am positive; the simplest statement suddenly carries a huge weight when the words HIV or AIDS are followed right after. In the 1980’s HIV meant AIDS and AIDS meant a rapid and awful death. Death always seemed to be the end result in a world where we did not understand the disease that seemed to come from nowhere but was killing at an expedited rate. Thirty plus years later there is still no cure but there is now hope. Having HIV or AIDS is no longer an immediate death sentence. People infected with the virus can live a long and relatively normal life (2). On November 7th, 1991, NBA star Ervin â€Å"Magic† Johnson announced that he tested positive for HIV and was retiring from basketball (7). Twenty plus years later Mr. Johnson is living proof that having HIV is not an automatic death sentence. When Mr. Johnson made his announcement, he gave the taboo topic of HIV/AIDS a very real and prominent public image. With his acknowledgement of being HIV positive spoken aloud, no longer could people put this disease into categories. Indeed, a rich heterosexual male not living in a third world country could contract HIV. HIV/AIDS is not only relegated to homosexuals or poor people. However, with this faà §ade of the disease being uncovered another emerged with each year that Mr. Johnson is living and is healthy. Since the public cannot see the outward appearance of the disease a couple of myths have appeared. One, â€Å"Magic† never had HIV it was just a way to bring the disease out into the public to be discusses more openly for awareness. Two, â€Å"Magic† has magic he has been cured. This just shows that when one door closes another one opens. Information on HIV/AIDS clearly needs to be emphasized because ignorance is still very prevalent with the... ...AIDS. Mayo clinic. DS00005. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER), October 20, 2011. 1998. April 11, 2012. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hiv-aids./DS00005. 5) NIAID. HIV Basics. AIDS Education Global Information System. Roxanne Laboratories. 2012. 1980. April 11, 2012. http://www.aegis.org/Basics/Structure%20of%20HIV.aspx 6) NIAID, NIH. HIV/AIDS. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. April 03, 2012. February 2, 2005. April 11, 2012. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/HIVAIDS/Understanding/Pages/whatAreHIVAIDS.aspx 7) Vaughan PhD., Cheryl D. â€Å"Abracadabra: Magic Johnson and Anti-HIV treatments†. Harvard University, Cambridge. 11 April 2012. Reading. 8) Vaughan PhD., Cheryl D. â€Å"Debunking Biology Myths: What is AIDS?† Harvard University, Cambridge. 25 April 2012. Lecture.

Woodstock 1969 Essay -- essays research papers

Woodstock ‘69 Many large concerts occurred throughout America in the summer of 1969, but none were as well known and symbolic as Woodstock. Its message was clear; three days of Peace and Music. Its impact on America’s culture and society as well as its youth will not be forgotten for many years to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Four men named Michael Lang, Artie Kornfield, John Roberts, and Joel Rosenman originally established Woodstock. The men’s initial idea for the festival was to promote the idea of a new recording studio in Bethel, New York, which is where the event actually took place. (Jacksonville.net) Because of the extensive amount of rain that fell before and during Woodstock, the site was changed twice and ended up on Max Yasgur’s farm. (Bethelwoodstockmuseum.com) This resulted in the loss of preparation time. The stage had not been entirely put up and the sound system was dangerously assembled. There were many other problems that occurred as a result of the mud produced during the rain. Most of the gates and fences were not put up which allowed many people to enter the festival for free.(Jacksonville.net) The mud also created a major cleanup project after the festival ended.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Woodstock gathered an unexpectedly large attendance. Only 50,000 to 100,000 people were expected to arrive at the site. These numbers seemed small compared to the 400,000 to 500,000 people who converged on the area on August 15, 16, and 17 of 1969. (Webster’s) Many expected singers and bands could not arrive due to traffic backed up for miles along all the roads leading to the area. It was said that nearly one million people could have attended the concert if it had lasted longer. (Visi.com) Many recognized musicians preformed at the concert such as Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Who, Jefferson Airplane, and many others. (Home.columbus.rr.com) Truly by the first day, as the musicians looked out upon the vast crowd, they must have known that Woodstock was not going to be just another concert that would be forgotten. On the outside, Woodstock could just be considered another concert for the youth of the time to hear their favorite music, but it can be seen that it was much more than that. Although the music was a large part of the festival, there would be no reason for it to be remembered this long if that w... ...stock fans that made the trip to all three festivals bearing the â€Å"Woodstock† name. It seemed that the other men and women that made up the rest of the audience were nearly all there to get drunk and destroy anything they could get their hands on. By the end of the concert, nearly all of the stage and equipment was destroyed. Women were raped and all souvenirs such as shirts and posters were stolen. (MTV Woodstock Uncensored) The acts displayed at Woodstock 99’ could be summed up in two words: destructive force. It went beyond misguided violence to such a point as to bring down some of the original Woodstock’s glory. Unfortunately now when people think of Woodstock they will also think of the destruction that occurred during its latest attempt at recreation. Despite people’s desire to bring back the feeling of the original Woodstock, all that can remain is its effect on the people who experienced it and the affect on the culture they lived in. The concert was necessary to have because it eased tension in a time of history that was full of war and prejudices. Its stories will be told, some good, some bad, but the desire that people feel to experience it firsthand will never be lost.

Veronica Guerin-the One Who Stood Up

Veronica Guerin-The one who stood up Veronica Guerin (5 July 1958 – 26 June 1996) was an Irish journalist who was murdered on the 26th June 1996, on the Naas Road, Dublin, as a result of her work as a crime journalist specialising in the drug world of Dublin. Guerin was born and brought up in Artane where she lived with her four siblings and her parents, Christopher and Bernadette. She acquired the nickname â€Å"Ronnie† during her childhood and she received her education in the Catholic schools of Dublin's north side. She became an accomplished athlete in camogie, soccer and basketball.Soccer, in fact, remained a lifelong passion of Guerin's; she was a fanatic supporter of England's Manchester United professional soccer team. One of her most prised possessions was a picture of her and the famous United player Eric Cantona, which was taken on a trip to Old Trafford. Guerin married Graham Turley who she had a son Cathal with. She studied accountancy at Trinity College Du blin and on her graduation she was hired by her father at his company. After her father passed away three years after her appointment at the company she left and started a new career in public relations.She started a new firm in 1983 which was run by her for seven years. After leaving the firm she took up journalism, first as a business writer for Dublin's Sunday Business Post and then as a news reporter for the city's Sunday Tribune. Then in 1994, Guerin became an investigative reporter for the Sunday Independent, the largest-circulation weekend newspaper in Ireland. This move signalled not only Guerin’s subsequent rise to somewhat fame in Ireland but also led to the sequence of events that ended in her eventually been murdered.Her murder along with detective Jerry Mc Cabe’s murder three weeks earlier sparked the Irish government and the Irish people into life on tackling the war on drugs head on and without fear. For years she had mounted a high-profile war against I reland's drug barons on the pages of the Sunday Independent. Guerin tackled, without fear and without regard for her own safety, the drug kings of Dublin. The work she was involved in was obviously extremely dangerous and her life was put in danger on a number of occasions In October 1994, Guerin was subjected to her first incident of violence to stem from one of her stories.Two bullets where shot through her house window as she was playing with her son at home. This incident came a month after she had written a newspaper article on the drug baron â€Å"the general† after he was shot dead in his car. The second major incident to arise out of her news reporting was a very serious and life treating one, in January 1995, a masked gunman burst into her home when she answered the door and pointed a handgun at her head but lowered it and shot her in the thigh. Guerin suspected that the gunman was hired to â€Å"hit† her because of an article that she had written about the th eft of ? . 4 million from a supposedly secure depot near Dublin airport. This was the largest cash robbery in Irish history. (Encyclopedia. com) When Guerin was released from hospital after been shot she went along with her husband to every crime boss in Dublin she knew and handed them a letter letting them know that she was unafraid and unwilling to give up the fight on drugs. It was a statement of intent. A security system was installed at her home after the attack and the guards gave her 24 hour escort.They accompanied her where ever she went but Guerin, after a few days, stopped the guards accompanying her, as she felt it hindered her work as she was unable to talk to people and get the information she needed for her articles. (Film: Veronica Guerin) Then in September 1995, Guerin paid a visit to a horse farm owned by the notorious John Gilligan, a known leading player in Dublin’s underworld. She confronted him about how he had amassed such a fortune and good lifestyle wi thout been able to show where he had obtained all the money from.He reacted in a brutal, cowardly and savage way to these allegations by tearing open her shirt while looking for a wire and beating her senseless. Sometime after Gilligan phoned her and threatened her and her son Cathal. He told her he would kill her and harm Cathal if his name was ever mentioned in any news article that she wrote. (Freemedia. com) Guerin was never scared or would never let the drug baron’s sees that she was scared. She insisted that she would not be intimidated by any of them but friends of Guerin did admit after her death that she was fearful of Gilligan for the fact that he had threatened to harm her son.She didn’t let this phase her and she continued her tireless and fearful work and she continued to try and get closer to these drug kingpins. As she once said â€Å"they would find it harder to kill someone they knew†. That statement I feel summarised how she basically felt abou t reporting on such a dangerous topic she knew the danger not only to her life but also to her families lives but she knew she had some sort of protection in the fact that she knew the people she was mostly reporting on and her statement is entirely true they would find it harder to kill someone they knew.In December 1995, Guerin received the International Press Freedom Award from the Committee to Protect Journalists. On June 26, 1996, Guerin was in court in Dublin on a road traffic offence she travelled onto the Naas road and stopped at a set of traffic lights when the court was finished. She was alone in her car when she stopped at the traffic lights and made a call to friend and college, Chris Mulligan, on her phone having previously rung her mother to let her know she had been let off with the traffic offence in court. Then two men pulled up along the right hand side of the car and one of them opened fire.Guerin was shot five times in the neck and chest, killing her instantly. T he men then took off at speed before anyone could react. Her funeral, near Dublin airport was full with mourners, that included Ireland's president, and head of the armed forces; while thousands of others watched the service on television. On July 4, there was a moment of silence in her memory, people everywhere across the country stood quietly and bowed their heads in tribute. People just wanting to pay their respects gathered in front of the offices of the Sunday Independent to leave flowers and sign a condolence book. Encyclopedia. com) As soon as Guerin had been shot dead the guards launched an investigation into her murder. There was no doubt in anyone’s mind that she had been the victim of a â€Å"hit† ordered either by someone she had already written about in her articles or someone she had planned to report on in the near future. It was unsure at the time weather her culprits would be brought to justice as the guards knew it would be a long and pain staking inv estigation. However in October 1996, a man by the name of Paul Ward was charged with the conspiracy to murder Veronica Guerin.He was the first person arrested and charged over the murder but the guards were hopeful he wouldn’t be the last. Most people including the guards believed that Gilligan was behind the â€Å"hit† although this proved very hard to prove. Gilligan left Ireland for Amsterdam the day before Guerin was murdered. Sometime after, Gilligan was caught with half a million in cash trying to board a flight he was unable to explain where the cash had legitimately come from. He claimed he won the vast amount of money gambling but was arrested on charges of trying to launder profits from selling illegal drugs. Encyclopedia. com) Since she was murdered, a number of things have happened that showed she did not die in vain and die for no reason. Since her death journalists who report on dangerous topics have been given better protection. Also after she was murder ed the Irish government held a special meeting to come up with and discuss a way which they would be able to create anti-crime legislation in order to put a huge crack down on drug crime and also to make it easier for the guards to create and implement cases against crime bosses.These new measures forced many of Dublin’s crime bosses to flee the country before the guards had the chance or opportunity to arrest them. Veronica Guerin not only changed the level of drugs on Dublin’s streets, she changed how people reacted to drugs on their streets residents in some of Dublin’s poorest areas demanded change and set up groups that marched the streets and kicked the drug dealers out. After her death the drug crime rate in Ireland fell by 50% the following year. (Freemedia. om) As a result of her murder the government established the Proceeds of Crime Act 1996 and the Criminal Assets Bureau Act 1996, so that assets purchased with money obtained through crime could be se ized by them. This led to the formation of the Criminal Assets Bureau (CAB). Veronica’s murder was seen as an outrage and as then Taoiseach, John Bruton, described it, â€Å"it was an attack on democracy†. (Encyclopedia. com) Charles Bowden, a member of Gilligan’s gang, was arrested along with the other members of the gang that where still in the country following the murder.In an agreement with the Attorney General of Ireland, he agreed to turn state's witness. In doing this he became the first person in history to enter the Republic of Ireland's witness protection programme. A programme that is now very prominent in the Irish legal system. (Encyclopedia. com) Her life and death signalled change in many institutions in Ireland mainly Social and Political. From a social point of view obviously the effect the fall in drug taking and drug crime would of having would have been very positive.A fall of 50% in drug related crime the year after her death symbolised jus t how much of an impact her death had on Dublin’s drug run underworld. Her actions obviously had a symbolic effect on drug users. From a political point of view this is the institution that Guerin’s life and death had the biggest impact on. Her actions as a journalist ultimately led the Irish government to change the Irish constitution they introduced two new acts which led to the formation of CAB. This was a historic moment in Irish history a moment that has played a major role in the way criminals are treated in this country.The fact that one woman’s life could change the Irish constitution through her actions is undoubtedly remarkable it’s just a shame it took her murder to spark the government into action. Her death obviously had a huge effect on a lot of people most notably her husband and son. She was admired by a lot of people for her tireless work on bringing the drugs problem in Dublin onto a national level. A piece from an article written by her work college, Kelly Fincham, summarises her mindset on the problem of drugs in Dublin. Like all mothers, she worried about her child’s future but she also worried that her son would grow up in a crime-infested city as the authorities appeared to be ignoring the drug epidemic. Unlike many people in journalism and indeed Dublin, Veronica felt it was a foolish choice to avoid the problem by isolating yourself from it†. (Irishabroad. com) Guerin’s actions and fearless reporting changed the view on drugs in Ireland forever. Her murder signalled a social change that will forever be prominent in our country.With the establishment of the above acts not only was the criminal justice system changed in this country but the Irish constitution was also changed. Guerin wanted to change people’s lives through her reporting. She had met with young drug addicts and it’s for this reason that she strived to expose the main drug dealers in Dublin. She saw that these à ¢â‚¬Å"drug addicts† didn’t have to live the life they where currently living and that they could change themselves along with other things. Everyone in the Republic of Ireland remembers where they were when they heard Veronica Guerin had been murdered on the Naas Road. Film: Veronica Guerin) Referencing Film: Veronica Guerin. (2003). Directed by Joel Schumacher. Dublin Ireland, (DVD). Website: Encyclopedia. com. (2004) Veronica Guerin. Available at http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-3404707176. html Accessed on 5/12/2011 Freemedia. com (2000) Veronica Guerin Ireland, World Press Freedom hero. Available at http://www. freemedia. at/awards/veronica-guerin/ Accessed on 11/12/2011 Irishabroad. com (2009) Remembering the real Veronica Guerin. Available at http://www. irishabroad. com/news/irishinamerica/news/guerin. asp Accessed on 11/12/2011

Hamlet a Domestic Play or a Commentary on Power Politics Essay

In the early 1600s, the time that â€Å"Hamlet† was written, the themes of power politics related to the domestic would have been far more relevant to the audience as at this time, these two themes intertwined particularly within the monarchy which is hereditary meaning that the power comes from family. Again this link is demonstrated by James I’s 1603 speech to Parliament where he stated that he was â€Å"the Husband and the whole Isle [his] lawful wife† showing the domestic view of many political relations and also the idea of James I as a husband ruling over his country which was his wife. This also brings in another theme of power plays in Hamlet being demonstrated by patriarchal dominance, such as the power Polonius has over Ophelia. We also see the power of men on their families as a whole and how characters us their family links and loyalties to gain power. Throughout â€Å"Hamlet† we see a number of sons avenging their fathers’ deaths, including old and young Fortinbras, Laertes and Polonius and old and young Hamlet. These draw attention to the domestic tragedy element of â€Å"Hamlet† and as to whether Hamlet seeks revenge for his father’s death due to his love for his father or because of his duty to him and the power Old Hamlet’s ghost has over Hamlet. When we see Hamlet speaking to the Ghost of Old Hamlet, it seems to be a close relationship with Old Hamlet expressing concerns for his son, stating â€Å"taint not the mind† suggesting that Hamlet should not allow the act of revenge to â€Å"taint† his morality. This is a bizarre ask from Old Hamlet as murder will undoubtedly affect Hamlet’s sense of morality. However, within their conversation, Hamlet’s obligation to avenge his father is also made apparent by the ghost himself who tells Hamlet that after hearing what he has to say, Hamlet will be â€Å"bound† to revenge. The word â€Å"bound† shows how Hamlet’s father expects Hamlet to avenge him and believes this is what he should do, showing Old Hamlet’s power over his son as this is what he eventually does. We also see Old Hamlet’s dominance in a number of other ways including the fact that he dominates the conversation and his physical dominance as he has been described as a â€Å"valiant† man who â€Å"smote† his rivals, which contrasts to what we see of Hamlet, who is a scholar relying more upon his brain than his ability to fight. This dominance is finally shown when Hamlet is warned not to go with the ghost but ignores his friends’ advice and states that he â€Å"will follow it†. We also see the power of the father in the relationship between Polonius and his two childrea: Laertes and Ophelia. We see Polonius telling his children how to behave and to â€Å"give thy thoughts no tongue†, and yet, ironically, Polonius appears to have a compulsive need throughout the play, giving out a large amount of nonsensical advice and opinions. To add to this irony, Polonius tells them â€Å"to thine own self be true†, as all he does is advise and tell people how to behave, this works to somewhat ridicule Polonius’ skills as an advisor. However, Ophelia must still listen to him as in the 17th century, the daughter was effectively the property of the father until she was married and thus must accept what her father said, as seen when Ophelia says, â€Å"I shall obey, my lord†. This obedience opens up Ophelia to be used as a political pawn by Polonius in his own efforts to gain favour and thus power with the King. This manipulation of Ophelia by Polonius suggests that Shakespeare’s play is a commentary of power politics as it infers much about the Renaissance court and its workings, criticising it. Furthermore, we see the male dominance that Laertes has over his sister, Ophelia, however, unlike Polonius, he does not seem to use this to his advantage or to gain power. He warns Ophelia away from Hamlet as â€Å"on his choice depends the safety and health of this whole state†. At this time, powerful families commonly used marriage as a means of forging tactical, political or social allegiences, once again linking the personal to the political. However, while Laertes has power over Ophelia, it doesn’t appear to be for his own advantage as it is the case with Polonius, thus suggesting that his concerns are genuine and out of love for his sister. As a result, it strengthens the interpretation of Hamlet as a domestic tragedy. To conclude, I believe that in many of the relationships in â€Å"Hamlet†, there is a mix of power politics and domesticity with characters using their families as a means of gaining power or using their power to get what they want. All of these contribute to making the line between power plays and domestic relationships more unclear.