Supply and Demand Analytical Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supply and Demand Analytical Paper - Assignment Example Everybody knows that Apple compete with quality for it to remarkably set a highly competitive price for its product offerings. In the case of Apple, competitive price does not necessarily mean to be lower prices compared to its competitors’. In fact, in most of the time, it is higher than the others. However, it is clear that there is an ongoing high demand for Apple’s iPhone products despite its comparatively higher price than the competitors’ offerings’. The law of demand states that the price is highly associated with the number of quantity demanded and vice versa. This means that there will be more quantity demanded for a certain offering if the price goes down or as the price goes down, more quantity for the product will be demanded. As stated in Figure 1, the law of demand simply states that price has a linear relationship with the number of quantity demanded. However, knowing that Apple sells iPhone products at a price higher than its competitors’, considering a staggering increase of its revenue and profit, is an indication of increasing demand for its product offerings. On the other hand, there is a significant indication that the use of mobile phones has become a reality or part of life. In Europe alone, there was an ongoing perception that there will be no enough available frequency to satisfy the demand for talking, texting and surfing the Net on mobile phones (O’Brien). The broadcast spectrum is simply becoming a limited commodity for as long as more users are inclined to buy mobile phones and use them for either talking, texting or surfing the Net. As a result, there is no question as to why there is an increasing demand for Apple’s iPhone even if it was set at a higher price. Mobile phones, particularly smart phones, are not just wants but are becoming strong basic commodities. Apple has continued innovation of products that have improved functionalities that are known to use wider broadcast spectrums. In this case,

The Review of Job Satisfaction Essay Example for Free

The Review of Job Satisfaction Essay Job satisfaction represents one of the most complex areas facing today’s managers when it comes to managing their employees. Many studies have demonstrated an unusually large impact on the job satisfaction on the motivation of workers, while the level of motivation has an impact on productivity, and hence also on performance of business organizations. Unfortunately, in our region, job satisfaction has not still received the proper attention from neither scholars nor managers of various business organizations. Key words: job satisfaction, Employees, performance Introduction: Research indicates that employees who are satisfied with their jobs are more likely to stay with their employers. According to this survey, 86% of employees indicated overall satisfaction with their current position, with 41% of employees reporting they were very satisfied. What’s more, majority of employees reported that the current economic climate has not made any difference in their level of satisfaction—and this is good news for employers, especially during the economically challenging time. It is not surprising that during the current economic downturn, which some have compared to the 1929 Great Depression, employees selected job security for the second consecutive year as the most important aspect of their job satisfaction. Benefits, compensation/pay, opportunities to use skills and abilities and feeling safe in the work environment rounded off employees’ top five very important job satisfaction contributors—nearly identical to the top five of 2008. Factors that were not strongly connected to employees’ overall job satisfaction were organization’s commitment to a ‘green’ workplace, networking, career development opportunities, paid training and tuition reimbursement programs, and organization’s commitment to professional development. Despite its vide usage in scientific research, as well as in everyday life, there is still no general agreement regarding what job satisfaction is. In fact there is no final definition on what job represents. Therefore before a definition on job satisfaction can be given , the nature and importance of work as a universal human activity must be considered. Different authors have different approaches towards defining job satisfaction. Some of the most commonly cited definitions on job satisfaction are analysed in the text that follows. Job satisfaction as any combination of psychological, physiological and environmental circumstances that cause a person truthfully to say I am satisfied with my job. According to this approach although job satisfaction is under the influence of many external factors, it remains something internal that has to do with the way how the employee feels. That is job satisfaction presents a set of factors that cause a feeling of satisfaction. Vroom in his definition on job satisfaction focuses on the role of the employee in the workplace. Thus he defines job satisfaction as affective orientations on the part of individuals toward work roles which they are presently occupying (Vroom, 1964). One of the most often cited definitions on job satisfaction is the one given by Specter according to whom job satisfaction has to do with the way how people feel about their job and its various aspects. It has to do with the extent to which people like or dislike their job. That’s why job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction can appear in any given work situation. Job satisfaction represents a combination of positive or negative feelings that workers have towards their work. Meanwhile, when a worker employed in a business organization, brings with it the needs, desires and experiences which determinates expectations that he has dismissed. Job satisfaction represents the extent to which expectations are and match the real awards. Job satisfaction is closely linked to that individuals behavior in the work place. Job satisfaction is a worker’s sense of achievement and success on the job. It is generally perceived to be directly linked to productivity as well as to personal well-being. Job satisfaction implies doing a job one enjoys, doing it well and being rewarded for one’s efforts. Job satisfaction further implies enthusiasm and happiness with one’s work. Job satisfaction is the key ingredient that leads to recognition, income, promotion, and the achievement of other goals that lead to a feeling of fulfillment. Job satisfaction can be defined also as the extent to which a worker is content with the rewards he or she gets out of his or her job, particularly in terms of intrinsic motivation. The term job satisfactions refer to the attitude and feelings people have about their work. Positive and favorable attitudes towards the job indicate job satisfaction. Negative and unfavorable attitudes towards the job indicate job dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction is the collection of feeling and beliefs that people have about their current job. People’s levels of degrees of job satisfaction can range from extreme satisfaction to extreme dissatisfaction. In addition to having attitudes about their jobs as a whole. People also can have attitudes about various aspects of their jobs such as the kind of work they do, their co-workers, supervisors or subordinates and their pay. Job satisfaction is a complex and multifaceted concept which can mean different things to different people. Job satisfaction is usually linked with motivation, but the nature of this relationship is not clear. Satisfaction is not the same as motivation. Job satisfaction is more of an attitude, an internal state. It could, for example, be associated with a personal feeling of achievement, either quantitative or qualitative. We consider that job satisfaction represents a feeling that appears as a result of the perception that the job enables the material and psychological needs . Job satisfaction can be considered as one of the main factors when it comes to efficiency and effectiveness of business organizations. In fact the new managerial paradigm which insists that employees should be treated and considered primarily as human beans that have their own wants, needs, personal desires is a very good indicator for the importance of job satisfaction in contemporary companies. When analyzing job satisfaction the logic that a satisfied employee is a happy employee and a happy employee is a successful employee. Job satisfaction is under the influence of a series of factors such as: The nature of work, Salary, Advancement opportunities, Management, Work groups and Work conditions. A somewhat different approach regarding the factors of job satisfaction is provided by Rue and Byars, Figure 4. When talking about factors of job satisfaction the fact that they can also job dissatisfaction must be kept in mind. Therefore the issue weather job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are two opposite and excludable phenomena? There is no consensus regarding this issue among authors. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory is probably the most often cited point of view. In fact the main idea is that employees in their work environment are under the influence of factors that cause job satisfaction and factors that cause job dissatisfaction. Therefore al factors that have derived from a large empirical research and divided in factors that cause job satisfaction (motivators) and factors that cause job dissatisfaction (hygiene factors)

Outsourcing Inmates :: Globalization essays, research papers

Outsourcing Inmates is a Bad Move Governor Greg Benson wants to outsource the states medium security prisoners. Outsourcing would mean send inmates in the states prisons out of state to serve their prison sentence. We would be sending these inmates who aren’t just a number; they are fathers, sons, and grandchildren to prisons in states such as Texas or Georgia. He says this will help with over crowding and will save New Hampshire tax payers money. Shipping inmates out of state will hurt the community’s of New Hampshire, it won’t save much money, and is a bad idea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  About 70 protesters, calling them selves Families of New Hampshire Inmates, gathered outside the statehouse on March 15, 2004. The prison staff and families of inmates are concerned about Governor Benson’s plan to ship inmates out of state, which will also send jobs out of state (Inmate). Charlene Newman, a Massachusetts resident, insists it is irresponsible to make budget cuts to the Department of Corrections; it puts a strain on public safety. â€Å"If they send our families away, they are just warehousing them,† Newman said. â€Å"They are going to send them back to this community not reformed, and our communities are going to be unsafe† (qtd in Inmates). Another protester was Portsmouth’s mayor Evelyn Sirrell. Her son is in the state prison on a kidnapping sentence. â€Å"To sit in that room and watch the children, the wives, and the grandparents visit their loved ones is very warming,† Sirrell said. â€Å"I’ve been t aking my 8-year old grandson to visit his father regularly, and his face just lights right up. To snatch that away just isn’t right. I’ll fight this, and fight it and keep on fighting it† (qtd in Manning). â€Å"There’s still a feeling that they are a throw-away society. But everybody makes mistakes, and we should give these inmates a chance to bounce back,† Sirrell said. â€Å"Separating them from there families will make it that much harder for them† (qtd in Manning). David Michaud, an inmate at Concord state prison, said the governor’s proposal is causing â€Å"anxiety† and â€Å"uncertainty† among the inmates. (CCA) The Executive Councilor of NH, Peter Spaulding, doesn’t agree with Benson either. He notes the Governor didn’t even consult with the council or legislators before enouncing his plan. â€Å"To me it doesn’t make a lot of sense. Nobody went to the legislature or the council, and there wasn’t even much consultation with corrections officials from what I can tell,† Spaulding said.

Coase(1972) †durable and monopoly[2] Essay

R. H. COASE Universityof ChicagoLaw School that A SSUME a supplier owns the total stock of a completely durable good. At what price will he sell it? To take a concrete example, assume that one person owns all the land in the United States and, to simplify the analysis, that all land is of uniform quality. Assume also that the landowner is not able to work the land himself, that ownership of land yields no utility and that there are no costs involved in disposing of the land. If there were a large number of landownersand the price were competitively determined, the price would be that at which the amount demandedwas equal to the amount of land in the United States. If we imagine this fixed supply of land to be various amounts either greater or smaller, and then discover what the competitively determinedprice would be, we can trace out the demand schedule for American land. Assume that this demand schedule is DD and that from this a marginal revenue schedule, MR, has been derived. Both schedules are shown in Figure I. Let the total amount of land in existence be OQ. Then, if the price were competitively determined,the price would be OB (see Figure I). We now have to determine the price which the monopolistic landowner would charge for a unit of land in the assumed conditions. The diagramwould seem to suggest (and has, I believe, suggested to some) that such a monopolistic landownerwould charge the price OA, would sell the quantity of land OM, thus maximising his receipts, and would hold off the market the quantity of land, MQ. But suppose that he did this. MQ land and money equal to OA X OM would be in the possession of the original landowner while OM land would be owned by others. In these circumstances, why should the original landownercontinue to hold MQ off the market? The original landownercould obviously improve his position by selling more land since he could by this means acquire more money. It is true that this would reduce the value of the land OM owned by those who had previously bought land from him-but the loss would fall on them, not on him. If the same assumption about his behaviour was made as before, he would then sell part of MQ. But this is not the end of the story, since some of MQ would still remain unsold. The process would continue as long as the original landowner retained any land, that is, until OQ had been sold. And if there were no costs of disposing of the land, the whole process would take place in the twinkling of an eye. 143 144 THE JOURNAL OF LAW AND ECONOMICS Figure D I z mj A † _ o Q : D 0 M Q QUANTITY MR It might be objected to this supposedbehaviourunder which land is sold in separate transactions involving blocks of land, probably of diminishing size, that it would be even better if the landowner sold the land by infinitesimal units, thus maximising his total revenue. But this is neither here nor there. Whatever the intermediatesteps are assumed to be, OQ land will be sold. And given that OQ is going to be sold, the value of a unit of land is going to be OB and given this, no buyer of land will pay more than OB for it. Although the demand schedule may be correctly drawn in that, if the quantity of land is OM, the price would be OA, the landownerwould find himself in the position that, if he were charged more than OB, he would sell nothing. The demand schedule facing the original landowner would be infinitely elastic at the competitive price and this even though he was the sole supplier. With complete durability, the price becomes independent of the number of suppliers and is thus always equal to the competitive price. DURABILITYAND MONOPOLY 145 How could the landowner avoid this result? He could do this and obtain the price OA from the sale of OM land by making special contractual arrangements with the purchasersof land by which, as a condition of sale, he agreed to hold unsold in perpetuity the quantity of land MQ. Alternatively, he could agree to buy back any land that was offered to him in the future at a price just under OA, thus making it against his interest to sell more than OM land. Another way in which essentially the same result could be obtained would be for the landowner not to sell the land but to lease it for relatively short periods of time. It would then be comparatively easy for him to assure lessees that no increasein supply will occur during the lease period either by entering into all leases at the same point in time, or by announcing that he would not change the rental price during the lease period or by agreeing to adjust the prices charged to existing lessees if a lower charge is made to others during the lease period. In any case, even if such contractual arrangementscannot be made, lessees have some reason to believe that the landownerwill not, in fact, lease more than OM land by charging lower prices for some of the unutilised land (after having entered into contracts at OA) because it would not be in his self-interest to do so. With this kind of leasing, the total earnings of the landowner depend largely on the rents at which land can be leased in future periods and the yield from these rents will tend to be higher the greater the confidence the lessees have that the amount of land leased during the lease period will not be more than OM. That confidence would obviously be weakened and the rent that could be charged in future reduced, if extra land above OM is leased during the current lease period. It is this which would tend to give lessees confidence that such extra land will not be leased. Of course, the negotiating of such rental contracts for short periods for each piece of land might be extremely costly and indeed might be so costly as to offset the gain in revenue from the limitation in the amount of land utilised. But, if not too costly, leasing would tend to ensure that only OM land was utilised. Another alternative would be for the landowner to give MQ land to someone who is less concernedabout money-makingthan he is. For example, the landowner might donate MQ land to the government to be used â€Å"in the public interest†. Some such contractual or institutional arrangementsas these would enable the landowner to charge the monopoly price. But in the absence of such arrangements,the price charged will be the competitive price. It may be thought that this argument does not apply if the permanently durable good is produced by a monopolist supplier rather than being part of nature. But this is not so. Assume that the demand schedule for this good is DD, representingthe present value of its future services for various quantities of the good. Assume that it is produced by a single firm and that marginal costs are constant. MR representsthe marginal revenue schedule and MC the 146 THE JOURNAL OF LAW AND ECONOMICS marginalcost schedule. All schedulesare shown in Figure II. Cost and demand conditions are assumed to remain the same in the future. In effect, this means that if the competitive output, OQ, is produced originally, nothing will be producedin later periods. A similar argument to that used in the case of the landowner will demonstrate that the price that this producer will charge (assuming outright sale) will not be OA, the apparentmonopolyprice, but will be OB, since the demand for his output of this good is infinitely elastic at this price up to the output OQ. Again, it is possible to introduce conditions into the contract for sale which would avoid this. An agreement not to produce any more of the good afterOM has been produced,an offer to buy back the good at any time in the future at a price just under OB, or the use of leasing rather than outright sale, would all have the effect of making it possible to charge OA (just as similararrangementswould enable the monopolist landowner to achieve the monopoly price). Figure 1T A QB CL MC 0 /l M IA ! Q M-r-rvMR ~U-lM 11 I DURABILITYAND MONOPOLY 147 Some of these arrangementsmay not be legally enforceableand, in any case, are likely to involve additional costs as against those incurredin outright sale. There is, however, an alternative which was not available to the hypothetical landownerand that is to make the good less durable. This may raise the costs of providing the stream of services affordedby the durable good, may result in charges over the future which have a present value greater than OA and a supply of services less than that affordedby OM of the durable good. Profits will also be less than they would be if this firm could sell OM at price OA. But this is not a real alternative in the absence of the various contractual arrangementsmentioned. If the durable good is produced, the output will be OQ at price OB. If a less durable good is produced, a higher price can be charged because consumers do not have to fear an increase in supply if they buy at the monopoly price. The productionof a less durable good as against a more durable good is very similar to a policy of leasing since, by making the good less durable,the producersells the services providedby the good for short periods of time (because the good wears out) whereas in leasing the same result is achieved by selling the services of a given durable good in short period segments. The reason why making a good less durable enables a producer to charge higher prices than he could if the good were extremely durable is that it makes it in his self-interest not to increase supply since, if he did this, it would tend to lead consumers to believe that he might do this again in the future, a belief which would make it impossible for him to charge the monopoly price (as was explained in the case of land for leasing). Another circumstance reinforces the conclusion that making a good less durable will enable the monopolist producer to charge a higher price. What a consumer has to fear is an increasein supply during the period in which he (or someone to whom he transfers the good) is deriving services from the good. The less durable the good, the shorter is this period. But the shorter the period that the supplierhas in which to increase supply, the greater will be the additional costs of increasing supply. Lessened durability reduces the gain from an increase in supply and thus reduces the likelihood that it will occur. The analysis up to this point has proceededon the assumption that marginal costs were constant for the durable good. It needs modification if marginal costs rise with increases in the rate of output. With constant marginal costs, production would take place in the first period and would then cease. With rising marginalcosts, productionwould extend over a period of time, although, since price would fall as the stock of the durable good increased, the rate of production would decrease as time passed. Since sales occur sequentially, in setting the price in later periods, the producer will not take into account the fall in the value of the existing stock (which is, of course, owned by others). To this extent the behaviourof the producerwill inevitably be com- 148 THE JOURNAL OF LAW AND ECONOMICS petitive in character and the stock (and price) will move towards the competitive level. Because of this, consumers will pay less (and the producer’s profits will be less), than they would if, throughan agreementas to the total quantity that could be produced or an agreement on a re-purchaseprice or through the use of leasing, production were limited to the monopoly output. Reducing the durability of the good is an alternative policy which might be more profitable (as was argued in the case of constant marginal costs). There is an additional element introduced by the fact that production will continue over a period of time. The producerwill have to consider the effect his actions have on the expectations of consumersabout his actions in future periods. He can in general be counted upon to refrain from expanding output when any gain that he might make through disappointingconsumers’expectations (if they thought he would restrict production) would be less than the loss he would suffer in future from not fulfilling them. However, there is no reason why conditions should not be such that it would always pay to disappoint consumers’expectations of a restrictionin output (if they held such expectations) and in such circumstances,output in all periods would be such as to make marginalcost equal to price (if some of the arrangementsmentioned earlierwere not used). This result is particularly likely since, in the assumed conditions of rising marginal costs, prices and production will decline over time. Even in conditions in which the producer would not wish to disappoint consumers’expectations of a restrictionin production, it is by no means easy to say how things would work out in practice since neither the producer nor the consumers would necessarily have clear, or the same, ideas about the future. A full analysis of this situation would be very complicated but could not affect the main contention of this note, that with durability some contractualor institutional arrangementof the type mentioned earlier may be a less costly and perhaps the only way of achieving a monopoly price or that reduceddurability may prove to be a better way out of the difficulty. Oneother qualification should be mentioned. The analysis up to this point has assumed that demand and cost conditions remained unchanged, in effect, that the economy was in a stationary state. The present value of any given amountof the durablegood will always take into account future demands,but if demand remains the same, the present value of its future services (for any givenamount of the durablegood) will remain the same as time passes. However,with increasing demands present values will rise and future production will be greater than has been assumed (with constant marginal costs there willbe some future productionas against none). This enhances the importance ofthe considerationsdiscussed in the previous paragraph,since the future loss fromnot restricting output will tend to be greater. Whether the expected increasein demand would be sufficient to lead the producer to restrict output DURABILITYAND MONOPOLY 149 in earlier periods depends on its extent, on the rate of discount, on the nature of the cost schedule, on whether costs are expected to increase in the meantime (and by how much) and on the confidencewith which these views about the future are held. An expected increase in demand may or may not obviate the need for the contractual arrangementsmentioned earlier (or a reduction in durability) if the monopolist producer of a durable good is to secure the monopoly price. The business practices which I have suggested as devices which a monopolist supplier might use to cope with the problem of durability may, of course, be adopted for reasons which have nothing to do with my argument. A land developer, in selling land on which houses are to be built, may agree to hold neighbouringland off the market to improve the amenities; the supplier of a durable good may agree to buy it back at some specified price in the future because consumers are willing to pay for this reduction in risk; leasing is often a less costly way for the consumer to obtain the services of a durable good; a reduction in durability may enable a supplier to provide a given stream of services at lower cost. Even when these practices are adopted to avoid the consequencesof durability on demand, they are not necessarily undesirable-an agreementnot to produce more than a certain quantity may be a necessary condition in the competitive supply of a durable good for which marginalcost is less than average cost. Nevertheless, these business practices, including reduced durability, may be essential elements in securing a monopolistic price. However, these practices have their costs and they may not, in fact, always be feasible. Furthermore,some of the contractual arrangements will not be enforceable over a long period. In such circumstances, the competitive outcome may be achieved even if there is but a single supplier.

History of Biological Warfare Essay

Biological warfare, also called germ warfare is the use of bacteria, toxins, virus or harmful organism by the military as weapons of war against the enemy. This means that a small quantity of these microorganisms have the capability to kill millions of people if spread evenly and effectively. These biological weapons can also cause sickness to enemy soldiers and disrupt enemy’s logistics and supply lines. Although biological warfare as such has hitherto not taken place on a large scale, yet assuming and apprehending its probable occurrence, many nations have built their individual defensive strategies to be on the safe side. On the basis of this assumption and probability, much research for the purpose of defense against biological weapons has been conducted by the scientists, highly sensitive industries and the governments. But since carrying out germ-warfare against humanity or using harmful bacteria or organism against human beings was considered entirely inhumane, an international treaty banning biological weapons came into force in 1975. By virtue of this treaty, production, possession, and use of such weapons were completely prohibited. More than 150 nations signed this treaty. Deadly Forms of Warfare in History The origin of biological warfare is traced back in ancient times, when the Assyrians, in 6th century B. C poisoned enemy wells with poisonous herbs (eukaryotes or fungi) that cused the enemy lose sanity or consciousness. This was the starting point of biological warfare in human history. Thence onward this typical warfare was used by many in the past e. g. Solon of Athens poisoned the water supply of Phocaea with extremely poisonous herb Veratrum, during his city’s siege; the archers of Scythian, during 4th century B. C. poisoned the tips of arrows to cause infection into the wounds of enemy; the Spartans used sulfur during the Peloponnesian War in 400 B. C. In medieval times, soldiers used to throw dead bodies into the wells. During the Indian-French wars in1689 and 1763, blankets used by smallpox patients were given to Indians for carrying the disease to the latter. It was Germany, which, during World War I, used poisonous gas for the first time against Allied forces at Belgium and Ypres. The use of poisonous gas by Germany caused about 30 percent of casualties suffered by the US army. The use of poisonous gas proved so fatal and devastating in nature that many nations unanimously agreed to ban the use of gas and extremely harmful chemical substances in future wars. But again it was Iraq which breached the agreement and used chemical weapons against Iran in eight years long war (1980-1988). Iraq was also held responsible for using chemical weapons against the independence seeking Kurdish people. Relatively New Forms of Warfare Some of the new forms of warfare that have lately engaged nations in the design, technique and art of modern warfare include: 1. Chemical Warfare 2. Biological Warfare 3. Radiological Warfare 4. Mine Warfare 5. Guerrilla Warfare 6. Amphibious Warfare 7. Psychological warfare 8. Siege Warfare 9. Nuclear Warfare From the above forms of warfare, the chemical, radiological, and biological warfare are singled out as ones in which CBR weapons are used for mass killing; disabling millions of people instantly, transmitting fatal diseases into enemy rank and file; incapacitating the enemy physically, and destroying their food supplies. How do they Work? Chemical Warfare Chemical Warfare involves all those chemical substances which affect the nervous as well as the respiratory systems, besides affecting skin, eyes, and nose. The chemicals, which include gases, liquids, and powders, can be sprayed from airplanes, dropped as bombs, fired in the form of artillery shells, or spread over the area through land mines. But there are some colorless and odorless nerve agents which, if inhaled, can cause immediate death while some chemical agents can cause temporary blindness or confusion. The mustard gas also called ‘Blister Agent’ caused many casualties during World War I. But it is quite relieving to see the chemical agents not widely used in warfare since the end of World War I (1918). Radiological Warfare Radiological Warfare involves those substances that give off radiation, and which may damage the internal organs of a person and even cause death. Radiological warfare is extremely dangerous because the released radioactivity in the process renders the entire area unfit for human life. Mine Warfare Mine Warfare is the use of explosive devices called mines to kill enemy troops and destroy their ships, tanks, and other equipment. Some mines explode when a person steps on them or run over by a tank or jeep, while the naval mines are detonated by the passing of a ship. The two major kinds of mines are: 1. The Land Mines 2. The Naval Mines The main types of land mines are:1) antipersonnel mines, 2) antitank mines, 3) chemical mines, 4) controlled mines, and 5) nuclear mines. There chief four kinds of naval mines include: 1) acoustic mines, 2) contact mines, 3) magnetic mines, and 4) pressure mines Guerrilla warfare Guerrilla warfare is conducted by the fighter bands that employ the tactics of sudden raids, ambushes, and other attacks on small-scale. The term â€Å"Guerrilla† which means â€Å"Little War† in Spanish, was first used by the Portuguese and Spanish armies during the Peninsular War (1808-1814). Amphibious warfare Amphibious warfare is the mode of army operations by land air and sea forces with the objective of capturing a coastal area or a beach. Generally the amphibious operations are considered the most intricate form of modern warfare. During World War II (1939-1945), after Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor and destroyed US naval installations in the Pacific Ocean, a common objective of United States amphibious warfare was to seize islands in order to build their advance on. These air and naval bases were captured for their operations against Japan. Antidotes for Biological Weapons The antidote for biological agents is a complete kit which contains medicines and treatments for nerve gas. It also contains injectors to fight anthrax, and antibiotics and drugs to reduce the effects of radiation exposure. Normally the kits are kept locked in military vans by the army. It is worthwhile noting that according to the briefing documents prepared by the Army Medical Department for the senior medical command in Iraq â€Å"Millions of dollars’ worth of such kits are incinerated in Iraq each year†. Army spokesman, Foster, D. said that the service’s policy is â€Å"to issue the [kits] to each unit prior to deployment, and ensure all unused [kits are] turned in prior to the unit’s redeployment for destruction. † Also the vice president for strategic security programs at the Federation of American Scientists, Ivan Oelrich, said that sending the Antidote-kits is a rational policy just in case â€Å"some terrorist gets hold of 10 gallons of nerve as† (Bob, 2007) Gas Mask Among other protective coverings such as injections of antidotes, gas masks too are used as one of the defensive measures against chemical agents. Gas mask protects a person from breathing poisonous gases and vapors into the lungs. Only air is allowed to enter the mask through the filter pads, which purifies and filters the air. The charcoal which is padded within the cheeks of mask purifies the air by trapping harmful gases and particles. Particulate filters can remove particles of smoke, dust, and even some harmful biological agents. The purifying materials are in the cheeks of present-day masks, which are often part of an entire protective suit. In World War I (1914-1918), masks were used to protect troops against gas attacks. Gas was not used in World War II (1939-1945), but armies had masks in case gas warfare began. During the Persian Gulf War of 1991 and the Iraq War, which began in 2003, gas masks were issued to troops and civilians in areas where it was feared Iraq would attack. (Lussier and Frances M, 2007)

Life on the rocks essays

Life on the rocks essays Yah, Ill have a vodka on the rocks, Who does she think she is, she cant survive without me, what the *censored*s the big deal anyway so I have a few drinks every night. Oh, well its her tough luck, Im not going to stop coming here after work with my buddies every night so I can spend more quality time with her and Alex. How old is he anyway, thirteen, fourteen, I should be bringing him here with me for goodness sake. If she wants to kick me out well fine! An ugly bitch like her wont find anyone knew anyway. Harry over here is a drunken bastard, Vanessa should see him each night rolling around in his own puke, but does his wife say anything? No, she wouldnt dare. Were men, its our choice and if we want to have just a little fun at night we should be bloody well able to. If our wives dont like it they should just keep their mouth shut. But no Vanessa prefers to ramble on each night about some bull*censored* that Alex is afraid of me. Im just trying to toughen him up like my father did for me and then she brings up our financial situation and how our money is going to waste blah blah blah. Women and money just dont mix. Ya Ill have another one, same thing. I cant believe she wants me to go to AA meetings she knows how much I hated them when I was forced to go for getting caught driving slightly under the influence. Plus its not like I have a problem. Let alone one were I need to go to the basement of some church, to discuss my problems with some monotone psychology student who is just there to build up credits towards a degree. And I dont particularly feel like being included in a circle of alcoholics and one kid who tries to understand us all at the same time. Like anyone would even come close to grasping what its like to have grown up in the poor house, with a real boozer ...

Reed Surname Meaning and Origin

Reed Surname Meaning and Origin The Reed surname has a number of possible derivations: A descriptive name or nickname signifying a person with red hair or a ruddy complexion, deriving from the Old English read meaning red.A topographical surname for someone who lived in a clearing in woodland, deriving from the Olde English ried, ryd.A geographical name from any of the various places called Read or Reed. Reed is the 65th most popular surname in the United States. The REID spelling of the surname is extremely common in Scotland, where it is ranked #11. Surname Origin: EnglishAlternate Surname Spellings: REID, RIED, READ, READE, REEDEGenealogy Resources for the Surname REED: 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Reed Name Meaning Family History An overview of the Reed surname meaning, plus subscription-based access to genealogical records on Reed families around the world from Ancestry.com. REED Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Reed surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Reed query.FamilySearch - REED Genealogy: Find records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Reed surname and its variations.REED Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Reed surname.Cousin Connect - REED Genealogy Queries: Read or post genealogy queries for the surname Reed, and sign up for free notification when new Reed queries are added.DistantCousin.com - REED Genealogy Family History: Free databases and genealogy links for the last name REED. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Hitler Youth and the Indoctrination of German Children

Hitler Youth and the Indoctrination of German Children Education came under heavy control in Nazi Germany. Adolf Hitler believed the youth of Germany could be totally indoctrinated to support the Volk- a nation made up of the most superior of the human races- and the Reich, and the system would never face an internal challenge to Hitlers power again. This mass brainwashing was to be achieved in two ways: the transformation of the school curriculum, and the creation of bodies like the Hitler Youth. The Nazi Curriculum The Reich Ministry of Education, Culture and Science took control of the education system in 1934, and while it didn’t change the structure it inherited, it did major surgery on the staff. Jews were sacked en mass (and by 1938 Jewish children were barred from schools), teachers with rival political views were sidelined, and women were encouraged to start producing children rather than teach them. Of those who remained, anyone who didn’t seem dedicated enough to the Nazi cause was retrained in Nazi ideas. This process was aided by the creation of the National Socialist Teachers League, with affiliation basically required in order to retain a job, as evidenced by a 97% membership rate in 1937. Grades suffered. Once the teaching staff was organized, so was what they taught. There were two main thrusts of the new teaching: To prepare the population to better fight and breed, physical education was given much more time in schools. To better prepare children to support the state, Nazi ideology was given to them in the form of an exaggerated German history and literature, outright lies in science, and German language and culture to form the Volk. Hitlers Mein Kampf was heavily studied, and children gave Nazi salutes to their teachers as a show of allegiance. Boys of notional ability, but more importantly the right racial makeup, could be earmarked for future leadership roles by being sent to specially created elite schools. Some schools that selected pupils based solely on racial criteria ended up with students too intellectually limited for the program or rule. The  Hitler Youth The most infamous of these programs was Hitler Youth. The Hitler Jugend had been created long before the Nazis had taken power, but had seen only a tiny membership. Once the Nazis began to coordinate children’s passage, its membership rose dramatically to include millions. By 1939, membership was compulsory for all children of the right age. There were, in fact, several organizations under this umbrella: The German Young People, which covered boys aged 10–14, and the Hitler Youth itself from 14–18. Girls were taken into the League of Young Girls from 10–14, and the League of German Girls from 14–18. There was also the Little Fellows for children aged 6–10. Even those children wore uniforms and swastika armbands. The treatment of boys and girls was quite different: While both sexes were drilled in Nazi ideology and physical fitness, the boys would perform military tasks like rifle training, while the girls would be groomed for a domestic life or nursing soldiers and surviving air raids. Some people loved the organization and found opportunities they would not have had elsewhere because of their wealth and class, enjoying camping, outdoor activities and socializing. Others were alienated by the increasingly military side of a body designed solely to prepare children for unbending obedience. Hitler’s anti-intellectualism was partly balanced by the number of leading Nazis with a university education. Nonetheless, those going on to undergraduate work more than halved and the quality of graduates fell. However, the Nazis were forced into backtracking when the economy improved and workers were in demand. When it became apparent women with technical skills would be valuable, the numbers of women in higher education, having fallen, rose sharply. The Hitler Youth is one of the most evocative Nazi organizations, visibly and effectively representing a regime that wanted to remake the whole of German society into a brutal, cold, quasi-medieval new world- and it was willing to start by brainwashing children. Given how the young are viewed in society and the general desire to protect, seeing ranks of uniformed children saluting remains chilling. That the children had to fight, in the failing stages of the war, is one of the many tragedies of the Nazi regime.

Report on cultural analysis and its impact on International Human Essay

Report on cultural analysis and its impact on International Human Resources - Essay Example Suggestions will be made to prove the interrelation between the HR functions and organizational performance in the Swiss and Indian organizations which impact the economic well-being of a certain country. Within the last decades there have been numerous research conducted with the intention to focus on the relationship between the HR functions and organizational performance. Since human resource represents a valuable asset for organization’s ability to be achievement-oriented, it is essential for companies to be able to manage their human potential starting with such processes as staffing and selection (Lussier & Hendon, 2015). In times of changeable business environment, organizations struggle with challenges of staffing in order to increase the knowledge work, reduce labor retention, be more competitive among other companies and diversify the workforce to meet the modern requirements of business world. To solve these challenges, HR functions are called to focus more on staffing and selection (Sultana & Razi, 2012). The following paper will illustrate how HR functions of staffing (recruitment) and selection are applied by Swiss and Indian organization and what impact they hav e on the organizational performance of these two counties. Being a modern market economy, Switzerland has low unemployment rate and high skilled labor force with the GDP per capita highest in the world (Switzerland: economy, 2015). Its labor force comprises 4,697,282 people in 2012. India has the critical mass of highly skilled people who speak English and are good at science. Having the impressive diaspora, Indian creates connection between its valuable knowledge and potential for other world. The employment Source: Switzerland: economy (2015) comprises 481,235,956 in 2013. Its economic regime gives many opportunities for entrepreneurship and free enterprise, creating a strong infrastructure for private

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Managment - Essay Example I let them quarrel and sort out their differences. While some people may be able to put behind their personal differences and give their best output but others may not be able to do so. I need to make better decision than to leave them to their means. If as a manager I am able to ensure that their differences are ironed out, they will be able to work better. (Gerald Matthews, 2004) A manager should be able to break the ice between his team members. The longer it would take for them to become familiar with each other; greater would be the hindrance to work. I can deduce from my results that I am not good in this regard and would certainly like to work on this aspect of my personality. I am usually hesitant to start conversations but as a manager the onus lies more on me than on anyone else. A manager should be fully aware of his strengths and weaknesses before he tries to understand his team’s. This is a point where I would be able to succeed easily. My assessment scores have not been much different from the scores that my friend gave me. This indicates that myself awareness level is high and will make it easy for me to work on my weaknesses. I can see from my assessment test that I feel nervous about choking at crucial situations. This is a problem that I need to solve. A manager who looks nervous in the face of an approaching deadline might not be able to motivate his team. However in this regard my friend’s perception is different. He feels that I give my best effort during a crunch situation. This indicates that I may have been able to hide my emotions of being nervous which certainly bodes well for managerial job. I however do remain calm most of the times even during a fight which I think is a good managerial quality. A successful manager usually does not takes decisions unilaterally. He should take inputs from all the concerned and then decide according to the best inputs he receive. This is already being done by me as I can deduce from

Symphony Number 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Symphony Number 6 - Essay Example There were also periods where the focused instrument was of a low note. This, I think, suggested apathy, boredom or relaxation. The focus on the different instruments, giving each equal times of attention, made a variety of emotions. I liked this part the most because of the roller coaster of emotions. Especially because it captivates you from the slow and soft start to the faster and more forceful finish. The Das Lied von der Erde was of a different flavor. The melody gave a sad, tragic and sometimes scary feeling which was reinforced by the poem Das Trinklied vom Jammer. The harmony, which I observed had longer and more dragging notes, was matched with the sad poem to create despair. The slower tempo I felt was intended to give a sinking feeling. The start was with a more calm yet sad which was slowly built up to give the intense hurt. This hurt was better felt because of the stress the sudden change in dynamics. It was a different feeling than that of Le Matin but I say of equal beauty.

Practical School Community partnerships leading. To Successful Article

Practical School Community partnerships leading. To Successful educational Leaders - Article Example Achieving common goals, fostering educational attainment/achievement, and reform are among the achievements (Chen, 2010). This will also validate an understanding of community-school partnership leading to adjustment of the future leadership system so as to enhance growth. The article is essential in enhancing the knowledge and skills acquired in the classroom setting. The idea and concept behind school community partnership is to appraise student’s performance over time due to effective and efficient education leadership. Hence, it is great and vital potential for preparing future educational leaders. The community is an integral and essential section of the institution. In this partnership, the school and community tend to share responsibility for childrens learning. The partnership is based on acknowledgment of sharing resources and expertise of each party(Kladifko, 2013). The community should be incorporated in the school process because the activities done in the school impacts directly on the societies. They have a responsibility of fundamental significance in assisting in the nurturing and growth of the students. These will in-turn assist students to explore their maximum potential and attain good grades. It will minimize conflict and enhance activities that will assist in proper functioning of the school. As an extension and enhancement of this partnership, education leaders should emphasize a wide base of community involvement in school activities. System leaders should endeavor involved in implementation and development of strategies that promote school-family-community partnerships. System leaders and school PTA should involve the society in setting direction for the school. In my understanding, education system leaders should be well equipped with qualities and attributes that will assist them to set clear sense of direction for influencing and impacting individuals. System leaders should drive the community and school fraternity to share an

APA 360 III Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

APA 360 III - Term Paper Example e to determine that race perception is not something that is done automatically by a person because the first image that a person has of the person before him does not leave a truly remarkable impression. Rather, the concept of race is simply something that we have come to think of as automatic due to the mind conditioning that we have undergone since an early age. Since race has no genetic basis, one can safely say that race is therefore an illusion. Neither does a human sub-specie exist as these do in the animal kingdom for us to perceive that one human being is different from another. We all belong to the same specie and therefore exist in the same reality. That is why skin color cannot be used to determine the race of a person. The illusion of race on a physical basis is simply wrong because the real differences between people exist not on a physical basis but rather on genetic variation with 85% of traits being shared by a given population. Therefore, race is not biological and no one skin color is better than the other (â€Å"What is Race? Is Race for Real?†). Due to the fact that there has been an explosion of mixed race births in the United States, the issue of race has come to be outdated using the traditional definition. Therefore, the existence of multiracial beings has forced sociologists to begin studying race anew when it comes to â€Å"intergroup relations, racial stigmatization, social identity, social perception, discrimination, and the intersectionality of race with other social categories such as social class† (Shih, Margaret, Sanchez, Diana T. â€Å"When Race Becomes Even More Complex: Towards Understanding the Concept of Multiracial Identity and Experiences†). The challenge that multiracials pose before the discussion of race is now how to determine the actual race of a person or if the issue of race even exists for that particular person because of the multiple bloodlines running through their veins. Shih, Margaret & Sanchez, Diana. â€Å"When

History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 21

History - Assignment Example Therefore, they transformed the environment into a rich agricultural sector (Blanco & Sanborn, 1993). However, these natives were still behind in innovations and technology. Initially, their proximity with wild animals resulted to illnesses that could not be cured. Many of them died due to lack of medical technology. Also, they did not possess any weapons, which put them to a disadvantage to the Europeans who had weapons. The Europeans were able to invade them and occupy most of the land due to their vulnerability (Blanco & Sanborn, 1993). .The European had experienced religious reforms. When they invaded North America, they intended to convert the Indians to Christianity. England chartered colonies in America for the purpose of colonization and trade (Blanco & Sanborn, 1993). Spain established colonies in North America because they intended to explore gold and silver. The native people resisted colonization by downing their tools. They halted all their economic activities. The natives died as a result of diseases, leading to reduction in labour force. Therefore, the Spanish imported slaves to replace servitude as a source of labour. The Spanish introduced mercantilism sin order to dominate trade. The southern colonies supported this processing by accepting imports from the Northern America. This is because they benefited more than the Northern colonies (Blanco & Sanborn,

APA 360 III Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

APA 360 III - Term Paper Example e to determine that race perception is not something that is done automatically by a person because the first image that a person has of the person before him does not leave a truly remarkable impression. Rather, the concept of race is simply something that we have come to think of as automatic due to the mind conditioning that we have undergone since an early age. Since race has no genetic basis, one can safely say that race is therefore an illusion. Neither does a human sub-specie exist as these do in the animal kingdom for us to perceive that one human being is different from another. We all belong to the same specie and therefore exist in the same reality. That is why skin color cannot be used to determine the race of a person. The illusion of race on a physical basis is simply wrong because the real differences between people exist not on a physical basis but rather on genetic variation with 85% of traits being shared by a given population. Therefore, race is not biological and no one skin color is better than the other (â€Å"What is Race? Is Race for Real?†). Due to the fact that there has been an explosion of mixed race births in the United States, the issue of race has come to be outdated using the traditional definition. Therefore, the existence of multiracial beings has forced sociologists to begin studying race anew when it comes to â€Å"intergroup relations, racial stigmatization, social identity, social perception, discrimination, and the intersectionality of race with other social categories such as social class† (Shih, Margaret, Sanchez, Diana T. â€Å"When Race Becomes Even More Complex: Towards Understanding the Concept of Multiracial Identity and Experiences†). The challenge that multiracials pose before the discussion of race is now how to determine the actual race of a person or if the issue of race even exists for that particular person because of the multiple bloodlines running through their veins. Shih, Margaret & Sanchez, Diana. â€Å"When

History of Contemporary Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of Contemporary Music - Essay Example Just as other terms that confine the artistic vocabulary like neoclassicism and totalitarianism, this category is forming arguments and a spread of various approaches and clear distinction. Contradictory to the globalization explanations that talk about a new age of the post historical. This essay will consider the age of the post modern music as an aesthetic paradigm that is illustrated by a specific type of music and focused on one musician, Neil Young. This will show the deconstruction that these expressions are carried out in both the historical accounts and the concepts of pure music, which features in the modern music. Contemporary History of Music: Neil Young The history of contemporary music can be summed up as modernism, which was featured in the twentieth century between the years 1900 and 1950, which was followed by post modernism from 1960 till present. This is one of the many comprehensions of contemporary music and other deductions are simply possible. By the year 1970, the term rock and roll had become almost meaningless, because it saw the break up of the rock and roll groups like the Beatles and death of the king of rock, who was significant influences on the genre. However, this era saw the rise of an influential young musician, Neil Young. Young became one of the most soughted after musicians of that era. This is because he was a philosopher, as seen in his lyrics and thoughtful, when it came to singing and writing songs that were reflective. His lyrics were mostly deep and from the heart, and this made it difficult to understand. Young was also the only musician who could change from one style of music to another seamlessly. After Young had moved from the California folk rock band in 1968, he made a name for himself as one of the most influential and eccentric singer and songwriter of his generation. His only rank second to that Bob Dylan in terms of being deep, and was able to maintain his record sales and reputation, for a longer time than Bob Dylan. This was because of his on purpose, obstinate work ethic. From the start of his solo musical career, fro the late sixties through to the twenty first century, he did not stop recording, writing and performing, and kept numerous unreleased songs in his safe. As much as he was influential, he only had one hit song, titled Heart of Gold, from his number one album Harvest, in 1972. The song sounds like a claim for emancipation of all conquering love. The song was made for a hit, since he included Linda Ronstadt and James Taylor as back up singers. The song is still among the most requested at concerts, presently. The song has been performed five hundred and forty eight times, since its debut on 1/10/1971. Young went on to explore new territories and genres of music, from rock, blues to electronic music. However, these stylistic exercises only gained significance as compared to his two primary genres namely: country rock and gentle folk, and also loud electronic guitar rock t hat he regularly. He usually alternated from these two extreme genres, which both proved equally influential. There emerged various bands and individual artists who claimed that they were influenced by Neil Young. Regardless of his massive influence and catalogue, he went on exploring new music. His restlessness ensured that he was one of the few veterans of rock as vital in his old age, as he was in his early stages of life. Neil Young and the song Heart of Gold is mostly taught in

Loneliness in Of Mice and men by John Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

Loneliness in Of Mice and men by John Steinbeck Essay Of Mice and Men, is a novel written by John Steinbeck in the 1930s. It is set in Salinas California and shows us what life was like for migrant workers at this time. The book was set in the time of the American depression caused by the Wall Street Crash. In 1929 Steinbeck himself had taken on unskilled jobs to support himself for 7 years from 1919. South Clara in Northern California was where Steinbeck worked as a farm laborer. It is from there that the scenery, setting and experiences of Steinbeck in Northern California have been etched into the novel Of Mice and Men. The book describes how lonely life can be. There are three different kinds of loneliness these include: isolation, solitude and abandonment. George and Lennie are different from the other characters in the novel as they have each other to look after them aint many guys travel around together. They have been companions from childhood and George has given and oath to Aunt Clara that he will look after Lennie. George and Lennie both share the same dream to own a piece of land that no-one will take away from them. They each dedicate a sum of their wages towards the dream. The characters in this novel are all envious to some extent of the special friendship shared by George and Lennie because they do not have that in their life. All the characters are extremely lonely and unhappy with their lives (except Slim, who is the only character that seems to be confident and happy with his life), and none of them can escape this unhappiness. Economic and social forces control them, and free will seems non-existent. Guys like us, that live on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. George means that if not for each other, then he and Lennie would be all alone, with no friends, like all the men like them, who are migrant workers moving from ranch to ranch without making any friends, and living a lonely life. George and his simple-minded friend Lennie dream, of a place to call their own. The Dream represents a sense of freedom to George and Lennie as they will be their own bosses and can do as they please. Also the achieving of the dream will mean they will not have to travel and have a house which they can really call home. They will not have to wear their uniforms and will have more possessions than a migrant worker. George and Lennie are very different, George is a smart and composed man, who seems to need mental stimulation from a companion, which he cannot have in his relationship with Lennie. Even though they have each other, they are still both lonely at a certain level, even if one does not clearly understand the other. The important thing is human contact and being there together. Somebody who loses his best companion is Candy. Candy is the oldest person on the ranch. We can tell this when he mentions they are going to fire him Theyll can me purty soon also by the boring jobs which he undertakes like sweeping the bunk house, as he only has one hand, he is a liability. He is a very friendly person and knows the rules of the ranch, we see this when he says a guy on a ranch dont never listen nor he dont ast no questions. His life long companion presumably a sheep dog which he had since it was a pup, was shot by Carlson, who was very persistent to take the dogs life as he did not like the way it smelled I dont know nothing that stinks so bad as an old dog. Although pleading with Carlson I had him so long. Had him since he was a pup, I herded sheep with him the only choice Candy was offered was if he would want to shoot the dog himself which he replied No I couldnt. I had im too long. Finally Candy had to let his companion go. The dog which was Candys comfort and enjoyment was now dead. As the gunshot went off in the distance every head in the bunk house turned towards Candy to see the old mans reaction. For a moment he continued to stare at the ceiling maybe remembering the happy memories he and his companion shared. Then he rolled slowly over and faced the wall and lay silent the same action a dog would do when going to sleep. All was not lost, overhearing George and Lennies dream he wanted to share it. He told George and Lennie about what they did to his dog that night maybe to try and win some compassion. You seen what they done to my dog tonight? They says he wasnt no good to himself or nobody else. When they can me here I wisht somebodyd shoot me. This shows Candy is nearing the end of his life at the farm. Being part of George and Lennies dream comforts Candy and would be an ideal way to spend the rest of his life free from worries. George and Lennie accepted him into their dream partly due to the large sum of money which he had to contribute towards the dream. The dream was now becoming a reality. Crooks like Candy is an outcast because the society in which he resides is racist towards black people. With a back injury that gives Crooks his nickname he is more permanent than the other men, we can see this with the possessions he has which include several pairs of shoes, a pair of rubber boots, a big alarm clock and a single barrelled shot-gun. Being alone has made Crooks very unsure about himself and bitterA guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody. Dont matter no difference who the guy is, longs he with you. I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an he gets sick this was Crooks way of establishing a personal connection to Lennie. Like Lennie, Crooks has a relationship with loneliness. Crooks is rejected from every group of people and cannot socially interact with others, just like Lennie who cant socially interact properly because of his mental-disability. Cause Im black. They play cards in there, but I cant play because Im Black. They say I stink. Well I tell you, you all stink to me! Crooks loneliness results from rejection; others treat him unjust because he is different from them given that he is black. Crooks isnt allowed to participate in daily events with white people such as card games. He is treated unfairly and therefore acts the same way toward the white people who have offended him. In an effort to communicate with the outside world in my opinion Crooks reads books there were battered magazines and a few dirty books on a special shelf over his bunk this shows they were well read, maybe even more than once. Crooks is fascinated by the strength of the friendship of Lennie and George, especially how close they are. Crooks said, Well, spose, jus spose he dont come back. Whatll you do then? Crooks asks these questions because he was curious and envious, about the friendship of Lennie and George, noticing that Lennie is retarded, he takes advantage of this situation to make him feel better and ease the pain of having others reject him. He wants the people to feel the way that he did when he was lonely, having no one. He is striving to achieve sympathy and understanding from others. Crooks would work for nothing if it meant communicating with others. He even offers his services to Candy to work on their dream ranch to join in on the friendship and dream shared by Lennie and George, in order to leave behind him his lonely life. Curleys Wifes loneliness is due to her husband. Even though Curleys wife is mentioned frequently, nobody asks what her name is. Nobody wants to talk her because people are afraid of Curley; he is jealous and would start a fight with anyone who tried approaching her also due to the fact that Curley is the bosss son and anyone who tried to do something could loose their job. She does not like Curley, and purely married him to spite her mother we can see this when she says I dont like Curley. He aint a nice fella. Furthermore he doesnt talk to her at all, and theres no one in her life with whom she can share her feelings, and longs for companionship. Candy influences views about Curleys wife in George by telling him Curleys married a tart. She pretends to look for her husband when she really wants to have a conversation with the men in the ranch as she is lonely. Curley treats his wife like a trophy insisting that she should spend all her time in the house. Curleys wife asks the rhetorical question, think I like to stick in that house alla time? showing her unhappiness. Curley does not care about his wife as he leaves her behind whenever he goes out and visits cat houses although he is married. Curleys wife talks to Lennie in chapter five as she knows she can share her secrets and worries without Lennie telling anyone else, due to his mental age. She also indicates she is going to run away as she talks in a hurry. Curleys wife is very vigilant in the way she knows how Curleys hand was broken also in the way she finds the dead pup in the barn. Curleys wife tells Lennie about the chances she had of being an actress and blames her misfortune on her mother. She shows that marrying Curley was her last chance to get away from home. Maybe she was making up stories about her past as she looked closely to see if she was impressing Lennie. Curleys wife is a threat to Crooks as she threatens him with death by hanging if he stands up to her. In those days if a coloured man was accused of something there would be no trial. Curleys wife is the one who ruins the dream as she let Lennie touch her hair and then resisted. She ended up getting killed which meant that Lennie would have to be killed as he committed murder. Her death could be thought of as a misfortune, but as a positive thing as well because it ended her suffering; being the only woman in the ranch and having married a man like Curley she was inevitably destined for loneliness. But now that she is dead, she will not have to worry about being lonely ever again. Curleys wifes case of loneliness was the most severe throughout the novel. She struggled in her society to find somebody that she could befriend in vain. We can draw a similarity between Candy and Crooks; both of these characters have a physical disability (Candy has a one hand, and Crooks has a crooked back) both caused by an accident, as well as another factor Crooks color and Candys old age, those factors make both of them outcasts. Because of their situation, they are both destined to loneliness, each of them deals with it in their own way: Candy has his dog for companionship and makes conversation with the other men that work on the ranch, but Crooks turns towards books Another interesting similarity we can draw is the one between the relationship between George and Lennie, and Candy and his old dog. Both George and Candy are lonely, even though they have companionship; Candy cannot talk to his dog, and George cant have a really serious conversation with Lennie either. Even though they have companionship, they need something deeper and more meaningful. It is also interesting to notice the similar fate of Candys dog and Lennie who will both be shot in the back of the head unsuspicious of what is going to happen. The last similarity drawn is between two of the loneliest characters in the novel; Curleys Wife and Lennie. As weve seen previously, Curleys wife is the only woman in the novel, and her husband forbids her to talk to other men, and because of his jealousy, doesnt let other men approach her or else he picks a fight with them. George also gives orders to Lennie and strictly forbids him several times Dont even take a look at that bitch. I dont care what she says and what she doesyou leave her be well, you keep away from her, they arent allowed to talk to each other, thats what makes the fatal scene in the barn so tragic; Curleys wife wanted to talk to someone so bad, that it drove her to her death. One of the most important lessons we learn in Of Mice and Men is that friendship and human interaction are two very valuable things in life, and that having them is as much as a right as it is a privilege. We must treasure these two things as it keeps us away from loneliness which is one of the worst things a person can suffer from highlighted by the characters in the book.

The Disadvantages Of Vulnerable People In Society Social Work Essay

The Disadvantages Of Vulnerable People In Society Social Work Essay All Professional occupations are guided by ethical codes and underpinned by Values (Bishman, 2004) and from the very beginning of Social Work, the profession has been seen as firmly rooted in values (Reamer, 2001) (Cited by Bishman, 2004) Every person has a set of beliefs which influence actions, values relate to what we think others should do and what we ought to do, they are personal to us. (Parrot, 2010:13) Although society may been seen as having shared values we are all brought up with different personal values bases, this is an important point to consider when working with others, because our values can influence the way we behave. It would therefore be seen as foolish to underestimate the significance of values within the Social Work Profession. (Thompson, 2005: 109) Our Personal Values can change over time, and our behaviour can alter as a result of the situation we are in. From a young age one of the most important values instilled in me by my parents was to have respect for others, this should be carried throughout life as we should treat others the way in which we would expect to be treated. The importance of having a value base for Social Work is to guide Social Workers and protect the interest of Services Users. (Parrot, 2010:17) As a practising Social Worker it is important to recognise personal values and to be able to understand, situations will present themselves were personal and professional values can conflict. It was only when we had the speakers in that I began to question my own values. NISCC outlines a code of Practice for Social Workers to adhere to, from listening to the speakers in class one issue that was highlighted was that of partnership. Partnership is now a very evident part of everyday language of people involved in the process of providing care. (Tait and Genders 2002) However it is not always put into practice. Mr Y referred to being kept in the dark about his illness, he was eventually given a diagnosis, but it was never explained to him what the meaning of this diagnosis was or how it would affect his life. Social Workers have to exercise professional discretion, due to the nature of their work; judgements have to be made which involve values and consequences that make the worker accountable for their actions. (Thompson 2009) Partnership working is very important for people with a disability, I was able to recognise a conflict with my personal values when one of the Mr X spoke about a visit to the GP, where the GP was asking the carer how the Service User was feeling rather that asking them, from listening to this I was able to recognise that this is something that I have done in the past and possible infantilises the individual with comments such as referring to them as we dote or wee pet and I never thought that there was anything wrong with using these statements, however from the experience gained I can recognise that my personal values and the professional values are in conflict at this point. It is a way of oppressing this individual, and failure to promote their rights as an person. When viewing this in conjunction with the NISCC Code Of Practice, it was clear that there was a conflicting of values. NISCC states that as a Social Care worker we must protect the rights and promote the interests of service users and carers as the Disabled Movement states Nothing about us, without us. We need to consider the Service User perspective, one of the speakers stated effective partnership working should include the professionals and the Service user. Partnership is a key value in the professional value base underpinning Community Care. Braye and Preston-Shoot 200343) Partnership should be promoted in several ways such as keeping an open dialogue between professionals and Service Users, setting aims, being honest about the differences of opinion and how the power differences can affect them and providing the Service User with information that helps to promote their understanding. (Braye and Preston-Shoot 2003) In the case if the speaker who was not given a diagnosis for a long time and was just put out of the consultants office this key areas did not apply. Another issue that was striking was that of independence, initially my personal view was not of someone with a disability being independent, my personal experience in the past had led me to believe that people with a disability required a lot of help and were dependant on a carer to provide that help, I didnt view them as being in employment. Some of these values were quite dormant until I began working in the Social Care Field. The Speakers that we had in from Willow bank explained that they all have jobs and aim to be as independent as possible. This highlighted the conflict between my personal and professional values which I need to be aware of. The NISCC code of practice states a Social Worker should promote the independence of Service Users, this is one conflict that I can acknowledge with my personal values, I need to look at the bigger picture an view the service users as individual people with unique traits and interests it is important that they are not labelled due to their disability, It is viewed that it is society which disables physically impaired people, disability is something imposed on top of impairments by the way we are unnecessarily isolated and excluded from full participation in society. (Oliver 1996) My Personal view was that I believe that we should aim to do things for people with disabilities, I have often found myself carrying out tasks for them that I know they are able to perform themselves, when the speaker from sixth sense spoke about how she had been spoon fed and pushed around the playground as a child had gave her a sense of learned helplessness, it made me acknowledge my own actions. Again this is another area where my personal values conflict with the professional values. Respect for persons in an extremely important values, although I believe I was brought up to show respect for others by creating dependency in a way is disrespectful to the individual. The promotion of independence is important, it is crucial to see those with a disability as individual people. The NISCC code of practice highlights As a social care worker, you must respect the rights of service users while seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not harm themselves or other people. Keeping in line with the NISCC Code of Practice I need to actively challenge my own prejudices in order to ensure that I am promoting anti-oppressive practice. Being able to understand the value conflicts in practice can prove to be very beneficial. It can help us acknowledge the differences in the power structure, which can oppress the service user. Social Workers aim to empower the Service User, to help them help themselves. It is important that Professional values are always at the forefront to promote anti-oppressive practice. Social Work Practice is underpinned by laws, policies and procedures. It is important to always be aware of the Service Users perspectives, this will help ensure more effective and efficient practice. Both our personal and professional values need to be acknowledged for effective and efficient practice. It is of little use if Social Workers have a professional value base which doesnt inform or influence their practice, Social Work ethics can be understood as Values put into actions. (Banks, 2006)

Central American Squirrel Monkey :: essays research papers

Scientific Name: Samiri oerstedii The Central American Squirrel Monkey is found primarily in primary and secondary forests and cultivated areas in. They are omnivores, which eat insects and when available they also eat fruit, flowers, and occasionally vertebrates. The major population in located in Panama and Costa Rican border. They hardly ever travel on the ground and are most active during the morning and late afternoon. Cultivated and disturbed areas are especially hospitable to the Squirrel Monkeys because of the large number of insects those areas attract. These monkeys live in groups made up of about 40 to 70 individuals. Large group size provides many eyes to search for food. Squirrel monkeys also associate with other monkey species that have similar food preferences, following them to forage areas. The group size also provides safety in numbers: more eyes/ears lower chances of a sneak attack by predators; large numbers make it more difficult for larger monkeys smaller to chase squirrel monkeys out of a â€Å"their† trees. Neither one sex nor the other appears to be dominating, though the females are ones to disperse from the troops. The sex ratio within wild groups tends to be approximately 50-50 males and females. Though they become independent after the first year of their life, female squirrel monkeys tend to reach maturity and begin breeding at around the age of 2.5-3 years of age, and males become fully adult at about the age of five. For the most part the majority of social interactions between the sexes take place during the breeding season. During the non-breeding males tend to stay live on the perimeter of the troop’s territory, while females stay safer in the center. Large group size provides safety in numbers: more eyes/ears lower chances of a sneak attack by predators; large numbers make it more difficult for larger monkeys (that live in smaller groups) to chase squirrel monkeys out of a favored tree. Females receive no help from adult males in caring for their young. Instead, a female will have other female "friends" to help carry and watch over the young as the mother forages. These "friends" are usually offspring from previous years, which do not have young of their own. Since the monkey uses all four of its legs when walking and climbing, the new born babies ride on the mother’s back by gripping her fur, when the mother stop, she will hold her baby with both arms.

Music Is More Than Just a Source of Entertainment for People All over the World

Music is more than just a source of entertainment for people all over the world. For many, many centuries music has been used for reasons other than just entertainment. Take our National Anthem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ The Star Spangled Banner† for example. It was written as a patriotic song and, its purpose was to evoke the countries struggles of the past, traditions, and its history. During the 1800’s when slavery was permitted the seemingly innocent spirituals, as the slave songs came to be known, were more than simple hymns of endurance and a belief in a better after life.As sung by slaves and their descendents, the spirituals allowed the slaves to communicate secret messages and information to each other about the Underground Railroad. Music can also be therapeutic, improving our emotional estate, sleep patterns, eating habits, social skills, and behavioral awareness. It’s inspirational, energetic, and lyrically scenic. It can also be memorable, emotional, life experienc ing and many other things for people everywhere. Often music is even a mood setter.It can be calming, relaxing or even anger releasing for many people. From the day that I was brought into this world, if not before, the first words and sounds that my mother spoke to me were in the form of a lullaby. She soothed me to sleep, and taught me my ABC’s. Music has helped me, grow emotionally, physically, and intellectually, while simultaneously entertaining. Music for many, such as myself, is also a source of identity and individuality for all, as most prefer different styles and types of music

Project of Consumer Perception on Branded Shirts

CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MBA DEGREE OF BANGALORE UNIVERSITY. SUBMITTED BY VIKRANT JAGANNATH Reg. No – 04XQCM6118 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF PROFESSOR JAI RAJ NAIR M. P. BIRLA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT (ASSOCIATE BHARATIYA VIDYA BHAVAN) BANGALORE – 560001 1 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. DECLARATIONI hereby declare that the research work embodied in this dissertation entitled CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS † has been carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of Professor Jai Raj Nair, M. P. B. I. M. , Bangalore. I also declare that this dissertation has not been submitted to any University or Institution for the award of any Degree or Diploma. Place: Bangalore Date: 2nd June 2006 VIKRANT JAGANN ATH (O4XQCM6118) 2 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.CERTIFICATE I hereby certify that the research work embodied in the dissertation entitled â€Å"CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS † has been undertaken and completed by Vikrant Jagannath under my guidance and supervision. I also certify that he has fulfilled all the requirements under the covenant governing the submission of dissertation to the Bangalore University for the award of MBA degree. Place: Bangalore (Prof. Jai Raj Nair) nd Date : 2 June 2006 3CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. CERTIFICATE I hereby certify that this dissertation is an offshoot of the research work undertaken and completed by VIKRANT JAGANNATH under the guidance of, Professor Jai Raj Nair M. P. B. I. M. Bangalore. . Place: Bangalore Date : 2nd June 2006 (Dr. N. S. Malavalli) Principal, MPBIM 4 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BR ANDED SHIRTS. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am happy to express my gratitude to Dr. N. S. Malavalli, (Principal, M. P.Birla Institute of Management), for their encouragement, guidance and many valuable ideas imparted to me for my project. I extend my sincere thanks to Professor Jai Raj Nair MPBIM, Bangalore for providing me all the information required and the guidance throughout the project without which this project would not have been possible. I would also like to sincerely thank all my lecturers and my friends for their help in completing my project successfully. (VIKRANT JAGANNATH) Reg No. 04XQCM6105 5 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Consumer awareness of styling issues and the convenience afforded by the ready to wear helped the readymade garment industry make small inroads into the domestic market in 1980’s. The total sales of clothing wears this fiscal which would turn out to be about 30% of the total readymade market. The b randed wear market has shown a substantial growth about 20% every year in recent times and is expected to contribute more than Rs90 billion The research was conducted on the consumers of premium branded ready made formal shirts in the city of Bangalore.The research due to the constraints of place, Time and Financial and other resources was restricted to Bangalore City alone. The research is aimed at understanding the following aspects related to Consumer Perception and Brand Preference For Premium Branded Readymade Formal Shirts. This project deals with the customers personal aspects like occupation sex age group . It also deals with the customers personality like the newspapers magazines and various factors that influence him while making a purchase of a formal shirt. It includes comparison of ix brands namely Van – Heuisen, Louis Phillipe, Arrow, Allen Solly, Zodiac and Park Avenue. The methodology followed is questionnaire method with a total sample size of 50 respondents, The data is tabulated and graphically represented through histograms, pie-charts, line graphs etc. Findings and recommendations are listed at the end of this project. 6 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. FUTURE SCENARIO OF INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY The agreement on textiles and clothing would cease to exist from DEC. 31 2004 and textiles would be integrated into the WTO.This will change the contours of the global textile trade as the key markets would be up for grabs for those supplying countries that have the competitive advantage. The textile manufactures worldwide are gearing up to face the post-2004 challenges. The Indian textile and clothing industry, undoubtedly a global textile powerhouse hither to constrain by the quotas, is expected to emerge stronger. It is expected by 2010, the Indian textile and apparel industry can achieve a potential size of $ 85 billion from the current size of $ 36 billion. With a projected increase in per capita cons umption from 19 meters to 32 meters, the domestic market potential would be $45 billion. ? On the domestic front, the fast growing economy and even faster growing middle class with higher disposable income have the potential to drive per capita consumption level increases and stimulate an 8% volume growth and an 9% value growth. ? Nearly 60% of the exports would comprise garments. ? Over 35%of India’s exports would be from textiles. ? Over 12 million new jobs would be created- 5 million jobs through direct employment in textile industry and another 7 million jobs in allied sectors. CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. India has all the key ingredients required to take advantage of the emerging opportunity. In segments like cotton textiles, India’s position is much stronger. The centre has initiated technology mission on cotton to improve productivity, Quality of cotton and to reduce cost of cultivation to make cotton cultivation remunera tive to farmers. A well-defined strategy will enable the textile industry to shift focus to value added products. The greatest value addition in the textile value chain s generated in the apparel segment. Apparel would therefore need to be the main thrust segment. The focus on value addition will also automatically ensure development and growth of upstream segments of the textile value chain. Processing is the weakest links in the entire textile value chain though it is a critical segment that determines the quality of the fabric or apparel. The government should create an enabling environment conductive to attracting large investments. It should focus and removing the system anomalies, develop infrastructure capabilities, develop port nfrastructure to handle large containerized vessels and continue to pursue reforms in the power sector at a faster pace to enable textile industry to get quality power at competitive tariffs visa vise competing countries like China and Pakistan†¦ Etc. In India, power cost is as high as 15% for spinning mills where as in neighboring competing countries it is around 7%. Unless government takes immediate measures to improve on this fronts textiles will suffer badly in years to come. The expansions are happening in keeping with the new projects coming up in weaving and processing. The spring 8CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. spinning capacity is likely to go up at least 1. 3 to 1. 4 millions spindies by next year. The cotton-spinning sector is also moving into value added yarns mercedised yarns, compact yarns, dyed yarns. The production of the value added yarns will go up to 50% of the total yarn production in the coming three to four years. There is no doubt that the textile industry is going to be a sunrise industry in post MFA (Multi Fibre Agreement) era. 9 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. THE READY-TO-WEAR REVOLUTIONTraditionally, Indian’s prefer custom made clothing and the concept of readymade is relatively recent one. the customized tailoring units were localized to the township or city that they were located in and catered exclusively to the domestic demand. Consumer awareness of styling issues and the convenience afforded by the ready to wear helped the readymade garment industry make small inroads into the domestic market in 1980’s. A growing share of younger consumerism the spending population, who are most open to converting to ready to wear, fueled the growth of the readymade garment industry in subsequent years.Increasing exposure to various media also provided an impetus in terms of greater access to fashion trends from outside the country. At the manufacturing end, improvements in the availability and quality of fabrics for apparel assisted in catering to the growing demand. 10 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. THE BRANDED WEAR MARKET The total sales of clothing wears thi s fiscal which would turn out to be about 30% of the total readymade market. The branded wear market has shown a substantial growth about 20% every year in recent times and is expected to contribute more than Rs90 billionTRENDS IN THE READY TO WEAR MARKET The overall men’s wear market is growing at 6% in the premium segment. Total men’s wear consumption in 2003-2004 is likely to be around 1405 million pieces of which 845 million (61%) will be ready-mades and 551 million (39%) will be tailor-made. 11 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING CONCEPT Marketing is a comprehensive term and it includes all resources and a set of activities necessary to direct and facilitate the flow of goods and services from the producer to the consumer in the process of distribution.Therefore marketing as a functional area of management is becoming increasingly important as compared to other fields. In management, all decisions in moder n business organization revolve around the marketing information. In modern business organization finance, personnel, production and R&D might be the door to success but marketing is the key with turns the lock. Consider any business decision, we find the critical input needed for this purpose in the marketing information. This information can be collected and utilized using marketing research techniques.MEANING AND DEFINITION OF MARKETING RESEARCH The term marketing research is a systematic gathering, recording and analyzing of data about problems connected with the market place i. e. , problems relating to the product, price, promotion and physical distribution of the marketing mix. Philip Kotler the marketing guru defines marketing research as â€Å"Marketing research is a systematic design, collection, analysis and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situations facing the company†. 12CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. OBJECTIVES OF MARKETING RESEARCH ? Marketing research is used in the formulation of all marketing plans, policies, programs and procedures. ? It is employed for evaluation of these plans, policies†¦ Etc when they are brought into practice. ? It is used in reducing and minimizing all marketing costs, particularly selling, advertising, promotion and distribution costs. ? Programs of marketing research incidentally provide insurance cover for the survival and growth of the business in a dynamic economy. Marketing management through research can bring about the sale of the right product, through right channels to the right customers at the right places, at the right prices by evolving right plans, polices, and programs with the help of the right personnel. ? The main objective of marketing research is to enable the manufacturers to make goods acceptable and saleable and to see that they reach the market more easily, quickly, cheaply and profitable with out sacrificing the c onsumer interest. 13 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS EFFECTIVE MARKETING RESEARCH INVOLVES FIVE STEPS: Defining the problem and research objectives. Developing the research plan. Collecting the information. Analyzing the information. Presenting the findings. MANAGEMENT’S USE OF MARKET RESEARCH Inspite of the rapid growth of marketing research, many companies still fail to use it efficiently. Several factors that stand in the way of its greater utilization are: ? A narrow conception of marketing research. ? Uneven caliber of market research. ? Late and occasional erroneous findings by marketing research. Intellectual differences. 14 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION Madura Garments established in 1988 as a part of Coats Viyella's (U. K) garment division. In December 1999, Indian Rayon and Industries Ltd. an Aditya Birla group company acquired Madura Garments. Madura Garments is one of the fastest growing branded apparel companies with a turnover of Rs. 395 crore at a blistering growth rate of over 30% per annum. Madura Garments is the undisputed leader in high quality readymade Menswear industry in South Asia. 15CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. The chronological developments listed below weave its success story 1989: Louis Philippe launched – The first national up market men's shirt. 1990: Launch Of Van Heusen – It was positioned as international corporate wear. 1993: Allen Solly Launched – Introduced the Friday Dressing concept. 1996: Launch Of Peter England – Became the largest selling shirt brand in South Asia. 1998: San Frisco Launched -Launched as the Great Trousers that last. 2000: Trouser Town – The Retail Concept store was launched as the â€Å"Readymade Trouser Expert. 2000: Elements, casuals from the House of Peter England was launched. 2001: Planet Fashion s launched -Mega store for Menswear – housing all Madura brands. MISSION To continuously enhance leadership position in the branded ready-made apparel market by marketing brands that continuously provides the Best Value to consumers in terms of fashion, design, quality, availability & image. To continue to be South Asia's leading clothing company by sustaining world-class standards of quality, customer service and design. 16 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.VALUES Competitive Ability Quality Service & Value Taking Advantage of Change Committed People Clear Objectives Simple Organization Openness Responsibility/Empowerment Premium brands under MADURA GARMENTS Louis Philippe Van Heusen Allen Solly 17 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Madura Garments was the first to launch an International menswear brand label in South Asia when it launched Louis Philippe in 1989. Louis Philippe has the distinction of being t he first to introduce in India, a super premium segment in the readymade hirt industry. Louis Philippe's range of superbly crafted garments makes an exclusive fashion statement that is accepted as the Ultimate Status Symbol, recognized by the unique identifier, â€Å"The Upper Crest†. 18 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Van Heusen was introduced in 1990, a brand targeted at Corporate Executives. Very soon, it became the preferred corporate wear, redefining corporate attire through constant product innovations and collections. 19 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.The Allen Solly brand has been in existence since 1744 and is currently a trademark of William Hollins & Co. Ltd. , England. Through association with Friday Dressing in India, this International brand is today the symbol of a genre that has rescued business dressing from a dip in corporate starch. For the soul that questions corporate formality, the brand provides a well-dressed way out. 20 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. A BRIEF HISTORY Incorporated in 1925, the Raymond Group is a Rs1400 crore plus conglomerate having businesses in Textiles, Readymade Garments, Engineering Files &Tools, Prophylactics and Toiletries. The group is the leader in textiles, apparel, & files & tools in India and enjoys a pronounced position in the international market. Raymond believes in Excellence, Quality and Leadership. Raymond Apparel Ltd. has three highly regarded menswear brands in its folio: Park Avenue, Parx & Manzoni. 21 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. The most respected brand in the formal menswear category in India. A trendsetter ever since its launch, Park Avenue's innovations in design, styling, colours and fashion has always been the benchmark for other brands.Park Avenue is the only brand that provides complete wardrobe solutions for men. With its unique colle ction of suits, jackets and trousers, Park Avenue has successfully addressed the needs of the corporate czar. The Park Avenue product portfolio includes: Shirts ? Trousers ? Suits ? Jackets ? 22 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Park Avenue shirts cover the widest spectrum of colours, fabrics and designs made in 100% cotton as well as cotton blends. Park Avenue shirts comes in a range of solid shades in plain and twill weaves as well as checks and stripes in white- and colour-based designs.Classically designed shirts with regular collar, button down collar and cutaway collar options complete this very exquisite range. Sub-brand Park Avenue Platinum occupies the top position in upper-crust clothing. These are 100% cotton shirts in contemporary designs available in the latest and trendiest international pattern and styles. New collections under Park Avenue The Classic Dress Shirt Fine Tech Shirts Evening Wear shirts Leisurewear shirts 100% wrinkle fr ee shirts 23 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.A BRIEF HISTORY The company started business with export of readymade garments to Europe in the early '60s, which included mainly ties and shirts. For many decades, Zodiac has been synonymous with ties. The business of ties is a high fashion business and Zodiac has taken this to new highs in India and across the globe. In fact, one can say that in India Zodiac is generically associated with ties. Following Zodiac's huge success with ties, the company entered the arena of men's accessories with Cuff links, Belts, Wallets and Handkerchiefs.In 1973, Zodiac had a stand-alone exclusive shirt shop in Hotel Taj in Mumbai. The company then entered the domestic shirt segment in late '80s. Shirts and ties being the main areas of focus. In addition to the above products, Zodiac has today added quality trousers in its arsenal and with their new brand ZOD! Have opened up a whole new segment in the country- â€Å"Cl ub wear†. 24 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. ZODIAC SHIRTS Zodiac is one of the largest shirt companies in the world and sells quality shirts to the best stores across the globe.Zodiac has been a quality manufacturer of fashion garments for the last 47 years and is considered to be one of the finest quality shirt makers. All shirts are made from the finest fabrics sourced worldwide to give quality, value for money products. Zodiac shirts offer quality at affordable prices ranging from Rs545 to Rs2,200. Zodiac has also being awarded the Most Admired Neckwear Brand Award of the year at the prestigious ‘Images Fashion Awards 2000†². Zodiac, is today, the largest selling shirts & tie brand at Shopper's Stop according to Brand Equity (The Economic Times) 5 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. A BRIEF HISTORY The Arvind Mills Limited is the flagship company of Rs. 20 billion (US$ 550 million) of the Lalb hai Group. The Lalbhai Group, founded by three Lalbhai brothers-Kasturbhai, Narottambhai and Chimanbhai in 1908, has grown to become one of India's most diversified business houses, with a significant presence in the textiles, ready-to-wear, agrochemicals and telecom industries in India. Each company in the group, in its own way, pursues a single mission- to be the benchmark in its' industry.To achieve this, they have tied-up with a variety of companies†¦ all world leaders in their respective fields. Renovision and Technology have brought them to where they are today-one of the top ten manufacturers of Denim in the world, on their way to becoming global textile conglomerate. BRAND UNDER ARVIND MILLS 26 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION With a heritage spanning over 150 years, Arrow – the premium men’s wear brand has come to be recognised as the leader in men’s fashion. Having conquered the American mar ket, The Arrow Company, a division of Cluett Peabody & Co.Inc. , USA entered India in 1993. Since then, the brand has gained immense popularity in India and is the most sought after premium shirt for the savvy, fashion conscious Indian men. Arrow, brought to India by Arvind Brands, has been the voice of authority in formal dressing that understands the wardrobe requirements of its discerning male customers. Arrows offerings are aimed at working executives who believe in power dressing. The target customer for Arrow customers is an achiever in his respective field and wants only the best, be it a pen or the vehicle he drives.The brand has constantly worked on its product range and brought out collections that become synonymous with elegance and class. The Arrow wardrobe is available in four ranges: Americas Classic, Americas Premium, Americas Sport and Urban from Arrow. 27 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. ARROW WARDROBE Premium- This range has garm ents that are made with 100% 2-ply cotton and undergoes ETI treatment for a wrinkle-free effect. 2-ply yarn is more durable, stronger and lasts longer. This means the shirt lasts longer and looks better.This label includes international designs, a muted colour palette, twotone fabrics and stylish collars. Classic- Arrow believes that cotton is the best fabric against ones skin as it is soft, breathable and 100% natural. As a result, Arrow has taken a policy decision that even the Classic range will offer the consumer only 100% cotton. Sportswear- This range is made of 100% cotton in sporty finishes, indigo knits, soft washes, fine fabrics and a sophisticated palette. Americas Sport range offers a series of khakis, indigos and peached fabrics. The range is supported by peached tussore trousers with fashionable styling.The range includes shirts, trousers, knits and jackets. Urban- Arrow’s urban collection is created for the man with an innate sense of style and fashion. The col lection is meant to be worn at social gatherings. It uses a cotton lycra blend and the shirts are tapered with a narrow fit and an international collar. Arrow offers wardrobe solutions and not just shirts. Through its various collections it caters to the different moments in a mans life office wear, After-office wear, weekends and social events. 28 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. DESIGN OF THE STUDYThe second chapter is focused on details about how the research was conducted with information on the following aspects. ? Scope of the research ? Statement of the problem ? Objectives of the research ? Design of the research SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH The research was conducted on the consumers of premium branded ready made formal shirts in the city of Bangalore. The research due to the constraints of place, Time and Financial and other resources was restricted to Bangalore City alone. The research is aimed at understanding the following aspects related to Consumer Perception and Brand Preference For Premium Branded Readymade Formal Shirts. Impression of Branding ? Brand awareness ? Brand Loyalty ? Influencing Factors In Purchase decisions ? Advertisement effectiveness 29 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The corporate community of today’s world has come to realize the power of branding and tapping changing consumer perception as a tool for substantial Competitive advantage over other similar companies operating in the industry and the most comprehensive concept of branding is building the companies as Brands.But in the case of ready-to-wear garments industry, Branding always has and will plan an key role and thus the research tries to confirm to the statement. This is the reason why the research is trying to answer the question, ? Whether branding plays a vital role in purchase of premium branded readymade formal shirts? ? Whether companies are providing the product with changing consumer perception and needs? 30 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH ? To study the consumer perceptions towards premium branded readymade formal shirts. Brand awareness. ? Impact of brand image. ? The factors influencing the purchase behaviour. ? The satisfaction levels of consumer of premium branded readymade shirts. ? To measure the impression of advertisement. ? To know expectations of consumers from premium brands. 31 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. DESIGN OF THE RESEARCH The research was designed to achieve the above mentioned objectives and the following tools were used to collect the required data. ? ? ? ? Sampling method sampling frame Sample Size Data collection Methods SAMPLING METHODA sample is considered during a research when the size of the population is very large and a set is chosen to represent the whole population, this set is called a sample is a repres entative of the population under study. Similarly, a sample was chosen for the research and was chosen by a simple random sampling. SAMPLING FRAME The sample frame represents the groups of respondents that were contacted during the survey it also represents the profession of the respondents that were connected for data. SAMPLE SIZE The total sample size for the data collection for the research was 50 respondents. 2 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Data Collection Methods: The sources of data collection are: 1. Primary Data: Primary Data is the first hand information collected during the research. These are the original observations collected from the targeted segment of different methods. The Primary Data is collected through structured questionnaires and Direct Interview. 2. Secondary Data: The Secondary Data is collected through the materials given by the organization, books, journals, Business magazines and Internet.Tools for Data Collection: S tructured Questionnaires were the tools for data collection. The Questionnaire was neatly designed and constructed for the purpose inline with the objective of the study. 33 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 1 Table indicating the number of respondents with respect to their age group. Age Group (years) No. of Respondents Percentage (%) 18-25 25-35 35-45 > 45 Total 30 13 03 04 50 60 26 06 08 100 Graph No. 1 Graph indicating the number of respondents with respect to their age group.No. of Respondents 3 4 18-25 Years 25-35 Years 13 35-45 Years 30 >45 Years Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that 30 (60%) respondents are in the age group of 18-25 years, 13 (26%) respondents are in the age group of 25-35 years, 3 (6%) respondents are in the age group of 35-45 years, 4 (8%) respondents are in the age group of above 45 years. 34 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 2 Table indicating the gender of the respondents. Gender No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Male FemaleTotal 45 05 50 90 10 100 Graph No. 2 Graph indicating the Gender of the respondents. No of respondents 5 Male Female 45 Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that 45 (90%) of respondents are Male and 5 (10%) respondents are Female. 35 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 3 Table indicating the number of respondents with respect to their educational qualification. Educational Qualification No. of Respondents Percentage (%) S SL C PUC Under Graduate Graduate Post Graduate Total 00 00 17 25 8 50 00 00 34 50 16 100 Graph No. 3 Graph indicating the number of respondents with respect to their educational qualification. No of respondents 8 Post Graduate SSLC 25 PUC 17 Under Graduate UG 0 Graduate SSLC 0 0 Post Graduate 10 20 30 40 50 Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph the educational qualification of the respondents. 17 (34%) resp ondents are Under-Graduates, 25 (50%) respondents are Graduates, 8 (16%) respondents are Post Graduates. 36 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 4Table indicating the number of respondents with respect to their Occupation. Occupation No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Self Employed Salaried Student Others Total 10 17 13 10 50 20 34 26 20 100 Graph No. 4 Graph indicating the number of respondents with respect to their occupation. No of respondents 10 10 Self Em ployed Salaried Student 13 17 Others Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph with reference to their occupation. 10 (20%) respondents are Self-Employed, 17 (34%) respondents are salaried, 13 (26%) respondents are Students and 10 (20%) respondents are in other occupation. 7 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 5 Table indicating the number of respondents with respect to their Annual income. Annual income (Rs) No. of Respondents Per centage (%) < Rs50,000 Rs50,000-1,00,000 Rs1,00,000-3,00,000 >Rs3,00,000 Total 11 14 09 16 50 22 28 18 32 100 Graph No. 5 Graph indicating the number of respondents with respect to their Annual income. No. of Respondents 22% 32% Rs 3,00,000 Inference:It can be inferred from the table and graph with reference to their Annual Income, 11 (22%) respondents Income is Below Rs50,000 14 (28%) respondents income is between Rs50,000-1,00,000, 9 (18%) respondents income is Rs1,00,000-2,00,000, 16 (32%) respondents income is above Rs3,00,000. 38 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 6 Table indicating the different News Paper read by the respondents. News Paper No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Times Of India Deccan Herald Vijay Times Economic Times Others 39 21 19 13 16 78 42 38 26 32 Graph No. 6Graph indicating the different News Paper read by the respondents. No. of respondents 50 45 40 39 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Times Of India Deccan Herald 21 Vijay T imes 19 13 16 Economic Times Others Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 39 (78%) respondents read Times Of India, 21 (42%) respondents read Deccan Herald, 19 (38%) read Vijay Times, 13 (26%) read Economic Times and 16 (32%) respondents read other News papers like Indian Express, Business Times†¦etc. 39 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 7 Table indicating the different Magazines read by the respondents.Magazines No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Business Today Business World India Today Sports Star Others 28 22 39 13 16 56 44 78 26 32 Graph No. 7 Graph indicating the different Magazines read by the respondents. No. of re sponde nts 50 45 40 35 30 28 25 20 15 10 5 0 Bus ine s s toda y 39 Bus ine s s W orld India Toda y 22 13 16 Sports Star Othe rs Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 28 (56%) respondents read Business Today, 22 (44%) read Business World, 39 (78%) read India Today, 13 (26 %) respondents read Sports Star and 16 (32%) read other Magazines such as Inside Cricket†¦etc. 0 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 8 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the awareness of Premium Branded Formal Shirts. Premium Brands Van Heusen Louis Philippe Park Avenue Allen Solly Zodiac Arrow Others No. of Respondents 24 36 26 31 20 23 12 Percentage (%) 48 72 52 62 40 46 24 Graph No. 8 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the awareness of Premium Branded Formal Shirts. No. of respondents 50 45 40 35 30 25 24 20 15 10 5 0 Van Heusen Louis Phillipe 36Park Avenue 31 26 20 Allen Solly 23 12 Zodiac Arrow Others Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 24 (48%) respondents are aware of Van Heusen, 36(72%) respondents are aware of Louis Philippe, 26 (52%) are aware of Park Avenue, 31 (62%) respondents are aware of Allen Solly, 20 (40%) respondents are aware of Zodiac, 23 (46%) respondents are aware of Arrow and 12 (24%) respondents are aware of other brands like John Players, Dockers, Indigo Nation†¦etc. 41 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 9Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the awareness of Premium Branded Formal Shirts through different media . Media No. of Respondents Percentage (%) TV News Paper Magazines Hoardings Friends/Relatives Retail Outlet 36 32 22 14 23 12 72 64 44 28 46 24 Graph No. 9 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the awareness of Premium Branded Formal Shirts through different media. No. of respondents 50 45 40 35 36 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 TV News Paper 32 Magazines 23 22 14 Hoardings 12 Friends/Relatives Retail Outlet Inference:It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 36 (72%) respondents came to know the brands through TV, 32 (64%) respondents through News Papers, 22 (44%) respondents through Magazines, 14 (28%) respondent s through Hoarding, 23 (46%) respondents through word of mouth [Friends/Relatives] and 12 (24%) respondents through retail Outlets. 42 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 10 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the media impressed them to purchase Premium Branded Formal Shirt. Media No. of Respondents Percentage (%) TVNews Paper Magazines Hoardings Others Total 12 08 11 07 12 50 24 16 22 14 24 100 Graph No. 10 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the media impressed them to purchase Premium Branded Formal Shirt. No. of respondents 24 24 TV News Paper Magazines 14 16 Hoardings Others 22 Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 12 (24%) respondents are impressed through TV ads. 8 (16%) respondents through News Papers, 11 (22%) respondents through Magazines, 7 (14%) respondents through Hoardings and 12 (24%) respondents are impressed by others like word of mouth†¦. Etc. 4 3CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 11 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the advertisement recalled by them of various brands. Premium Brands Van Heusen Louis Philippe Park Avenue Allen Solly Zodiac Arrow Others No. of Respondents 12 28 22 16 14 26 08 Percentage (%) 48 72 52 62 40 46 24 Graph No. 11 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the advertisement recalled by them of various brands. No. of re sponde nts 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 12 5 0 Va n He us en Louis Phillipe Pa rk Ave nue 28 26 22 16 Allen Solly Zodia c 14 8 Arr owOthe rs Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 12 (24%) respondents recall the ads. of Van Heusen, 28 (56%) respondents of Louis Philippe, 22 (44%) respondents of Park Avenue, 16 (32%) respondents of Allen Solly, 14 (28%) respondents of Zodiac, 26 (52%) respondents of Arrow and 8 (16%) respondents recall the Ads. Of other brands like John Player s, Indigo Nation †¦etc. 44 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 12 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the appeal of advertisement of various brands. Appeal No. of Respondents Percentage (%)Brand Name Style Durability Comfort Others Total 21 06 08 12 03 50 42 12 16 24 06 100 Graph No. 12 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the appeal of advertisement of various brands. No. of respondents 3 Brand Name 12 21 Style Durability Comfortness Others 8 6 Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 21 (42%) respondents feel the ads. are appealing to Brand Name, 6 (12%) of respondents as Style, 8 (16%) of respondents as Durability, 12 (24%) of respondents as Comfort, 3 (6%) of respondents as others. 45 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 3 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the extent of ads. played role in purcha se of Premium Branded Formal Shirts. Extent No. of Respondents Percentage (%) High Medium Low Total 22 24 04 50 44 48 08 100 Graph No. 13 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the extent of ads. played role in purchase of Premium Branded Formal Shirts. No. of respondents 8 44 High Medium 48 Low Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that advertisement had played a high role in purchase for 22 (44%) respondents, Medium role for 24 (48%) respondents and less role for 4 (8%) respondents. 6 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 14 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the Brands they purchased. Premium Brands No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Van Heusen Louis Philippe Park Avenue Allen Solly Zodiac Arrow Others 12 14 06 13 08 16 14 24 28 12 26 16 32 28 Graph No. 14 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the Brands they purchased. No. of re sponde nts 50 45 40 35 3 0 25 20 15 10 12 5 0 Va n He us en Louis Phillipe Pa rk Ave nue Allen Solly 14 16 13 6 8 14 Zodia c Arr ow Othe rs Inference:It can be inferred from the table and graph that 12 (24%) respondents purchased Van Heusen. 14 (28%) purchased Louis Philippe. 6 (12%) respondents had purchased Park Avenue. 13 (26%) respondents purchased Allen Solly. 8 (16%) respondents purchased Zodiac. 16 (32%) respondents purchased Arrow. 14 (28%) respondents purchased other brands. 47 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 15 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the factors influenced them while purchasing of Premium Branded Shirts. Factors No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Brand Name PriceQuality Style Colour Others 34 22 42 18 16 08 68 44 84 36 32 16 Graph No. 15 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the factors influenced them while purchasing of Premium Branded Shirts. No. of re sponde nts 50 45 40 35 34 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Br and Nam e 42 Pr ic e Qua lity 22 18 Style 16 Colour 8 Othe rs Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that factors influenced respondents while purchasing. 34 (68%) respondents influenced by Brand Name. 22 (44%) respondents influenced by Price. 42 (84%) respondents influenced by Quality. 18 (36%) respondents are influenced by Style. (12%) respondents are influenced by Colours and 8 (16%) respondents are influenced by other factors. 48 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 16 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to what made them to think the particular shirt belongs to Premium class. Factors No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Brand Quality Durability Price Total 19 16 07 08 50 38 32 14 16 100 Graph No. 16 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to what made them to think the particular shirt belongs to Premium class. No. of re sponde nts